2.6 Termination of inflammation

Question 1

inflammation termination mediators

Answer 1

TGF beta, IL10

Question 2

lipid mediators

Answer 2

lipoxins,
resolvins, and
protectins

Question 3

discharge of

Answer 3

Ach_..cholinergic discharge

Question 4

steps

Answer 4

resolution,
fibrosis (scar),
abscess,
chronic inflammation

Question 5

areas that do not have capacity to undergo resolution

Answer 5

brain and heart - so you only see scar or worse

Question 6

when you cannot dilute you under go

Answer 6

chronic inflammation

Question 7

chronic inflammation occurs

Answer 7

when acute response is unsuccessful and may occur initially in many situations -

Question 8

chronic inflammation involves

Answer 8

mononuclear cells,
scarring ,
tissue destruction

Question 9

persistent infectious agens that avoid acute inflammation

Answer 9

TB, 
fungi, 
treptonemes, 
autoimmunity, 
foreign bodies, 
parasites

Question 10

activated macrophages lead to

Answer 10

epitheliod cells,
giant cells,
granuloma formation

Question 11

differntiated macrophages

Answer 11

microglia,
kupffer cells,
alveolar macrophages,
osteoclasts

Question 12

macrophages are very plastic cells meaning that

Answer 12

they can activate and deactivate functions when needed

Question 13

alveolar macrophages have a downregulated

Answer 13

ability to make free readicals bc they are constantly responding to particulate matter and don_t’ want to squirt out radicals all the time

Question 14

what kills alveolar macs

Answer 14

TB – causes some infalmmation, t cells come in, pump up gamma getting macs activated to kill intracellular target

Question 15

products released by macrophages

Answer 15

enzymes, 
neutral proteases, 
elastase, 
collagenase, 
plasminogen activator, 
acid hydrolases, 
phosphatases, 
lipases,
 plasmaproteins, 
complement, 
coagulation factors, 
reactive metabolites of oxygen, 
eicosanoids, 
cytokines and chemokines (TNF IL1, IL8) , 
growthfactors (PDGF, EGF, FGF, TGFbeta), 
nitric oxide

Question 16

cross over cells from innate to adaptive immunity

Answer 16

macrophages

Question 17

Eosinophils associated with

Answer 17

allergic (TH2) types of reactions involved in parasitic infections

Question 18

Eosinophils are recruited by

Answer 18

eotaxin a C-C chemokine that binds to CCR3 found only on eosinophils

Question 19

Eosinophil granules contain

Answer 19

major basic protein that lyses parasites but also epithelial cells

Question 20

granulomatous inflammation

Answer 20

type of chronic inflammation mediated by mactivated macrophages

Question 21

granulmatous inflammation is seen in

Answer 21

TB, 
leprosy, 
foreign bodies, 
sarcoid, 
cat scratch disease

Question 22

granulomas contain

Answer 22

epitheliod cells,
plasma cells,
lymphocytes, and
fibroblasts

Question 23

sarcoid granulomas

Answer 23

autoimmune,

cat scratch

Question 24

caseous necrosis

Answer 24

TB

Question 25

non caseous

Answer 25

foreign bodies and other things

Question 26

why do you see anthrocotic pigment around caseous necrosis

Answer 26

bc anthrocotic pigment lives inside macrophages

Question 27

how to diagnose caseating necrosis

Answer 27

acid fast cuz it would be TB

Question 28

serous transudat/effusion

Answer 28

proteinless fluid

Question 29

fibrinous inflammation

Answer 29

deposition of plasma proteins mainly fibrin

Question 30

suppurative/purulent inflammation

Answer 30

pus

Question 31

ulcers

Answer 31

erosion or defect in epithelial surface

Question 32

systemic effects of inflammation

Answer 32

``` fever, leukocytosis, inc sedimentation rate, shunting of blood flow, increased BP and pulse rate (esp if you have pain), rigor, chills, malaise, anorexia, somnolence, acute phase reactants ```

Question 33

increased sed rate at 1 g means

Answer 33

suffering inflammatory response - acute phase reactions causing cells to aggregate like fibrinogen

Question 34

fibrinogen induced by

Answer 34

il6

Question 35

fibrinogen causes

Answer 35

inc sed rate

Question 36

c reactive protein induced by

Answer 36

il6

Question 37

CRP - c reactive protein binds

Answer 37

microbes and chromatin, and | fixes complement

Question 38

serum amyloid protein (SAA) induced by

Answer 38

Il1 | TNF

Question 39

SAA causes

Answer 39

inc sed rate and | replaces ApoA in HDL target to macrophages

Question 40

if you have constant CRP for no apparent reason

Answer 40

this is a predictor of cardiovascular disease

Question 41

amyloidosis

Answer 41

in ppl who suffer arthritis because of chronic secretion of acute phase proteins they have amyloidosis

Question 42

acute phase proteins

Answer 42

fibrinogen, CRP, SAA

Question 43

aspiration pnemonea on the way down

Answer 43

see in an old person --> granulomatous

Question 44

aspiration pneumonia on the way up

Answer 44

see in a young person -->hcl and other stuff deposits so massive necrosis