1.1 how can smooth surface change to rough Flashcards
Etiology
cause
pathogenesis
sequence of events
outer muscles attached to bone
tendons
how do we sense characteristics of objects
size and shape, color, texture, consistency, smell, sound
colour
least useful due to artifacts, maters in a living matient
texture
slick, smooth, rough, must know change from normal (liver should be smooth, if rough then pathogenic)
consistency
something firm goes soft
smell
not so much in pathology but in clinical setting; bad breath in lung tumors
sound
not used much in pathology but in path but in a patient eg using steth
how can a smooth surface change to rough
addition of material eg. Protein on heart leaking out of vessels in pericarditis
how can a smooth surface change to rough (2)
take material away–necrosis ex. Untreated hypertensive patient’s kidney may shrink and look rough due to necrosis
in and end artery system where there is not enough blood supply, necrosis occurs in the shape of a
V (2D) / cone (3D)
when there is hypertension the ___ of the kidney will die first bc__..
cortex bc it_s the most hypoxic area
in long standing hypertension the renal vessesl get___..bc___..
get thicker bc the tissue is hyperplastic, this leads to vessel narrowing, reduced blood supply and necrosis of the cortex
a hypertensive kidney weill show
an area that is gone (v shape maybe) and lots of little blue cells (PMNs due to inflammation)
how can a smooth surface change to rough (3)
add and remove things, liver will be smaller but nodular due to alcoholism or hep C
2 components of cirrhosis
scarring and regeneration
appearance of nodules formed in cirrhosis
are not functional due to lack of blood supply and get surrounded by scar tissue
fibrosis
just scarring
trichrome stain in liver cirrhosis showing
blue - CT/scar tissue pink - muscle
