5. Behaviour and Brain Flashcards
what is the PNS?
peripheral nervous system
what does systems are involved in the PNS
the somatic system and the autonomic system
what is the CNS
central nervous system
what parts of the body are involved in the CNS?
spinal chord and the brain
what are the three divisions of the brain?
forebrain
midbrain
hindbrain
what are the two divisions of the fore brain
the telencephalon and the diencephalon
what does the telencephalon consist of?
cerebral cortex, limbic sytem, basal ganglia
what does the diencephalon consist of?
thalamus and hypothalamus
what is in the midbrain?
2 pairs of colliculi - superior and inferior colliculi
what is in the hindbrain?
medulla, pons, cerebellum, reticular
what is the process involved in the development of the brain
begins with a neural tube which discrete enlargements or vesicles
the embryonic vesicle will develop into major regions of the brain (fore, mid and hind brain)
what is the role of the medulla
regulates functions critical for sustaining life
HR, respiration, blood pressure
what is the role of the pons?
houses many clusters of the nuclei and acts as a bridge from the hind brain region
what are one of the many clusters of nuclei in the pons?
reticular formation - runs through pons
regulates level of arousal - alertness, consciousness
what is the role of the cerebellum?
controls movement and co-ordination to make it more organised and smoother
commonly impacted by alcogol
what is referred to as the little brain?
the cerebellum
what does the colliculi look like?
two bumps that sit at the back of the mid breain
what is the role of the superior colliculi?
relay visual information and are important for visual attention
what is the role of the inferior colliculi
relay auditory information and are important for auditory attention
what is the role of the thalamus?
relay station through which all sensory information (except smell) must pass to get to the cerebral cortex. It filters and begins to organise sensory input
what is the role of the hypothalamus
plays a major role in regulation of basic biological drives such as hunger and thirst.
Also controls the autonomic nervous system and is involved in the regulation of body temperature.
Also controls the pituitary gland, which is attached by a stalk to the base of the hypothalamus. the pituitary gland releases hormones into the body and controls other glands
fighting, feeding, fleeing mating
where is the hypothalamus located
below the thalamus as hypo means beneath
what is the basal ganglia
group of structures crucial for planing and producing movement
what is the limbic system
loosely connected network of structures, plays an important role in learning and memory and in the expression of emotion
what are the two most important structures of the limbic system?
hippocampus and the amygdala
hippocampus
important role in particular in the consolidation of new memories (learning) - transfers them from long term to short term
amygdala
located immediately in front of hippocampus, serves vital role in processing emotional information, particularly the leaning of fear responses
cerebral cortex
outer layer of the cerebral hemisphere
2-6mm thick and is folded so that the relatively large surface area can fit inside the skill
what is a gyrus?
a bump or bulge in the cerebral cortex
what is the salcus?
the groove in a cerebral cortex
what are the regions of the cerebral cortex?
parietal love occipital love temporal lobe frontal love central sulcus lateral fissure
parietal lobe
located behind the central salcus
concerned with the perception of stimuli related to touch, pressure, temperature and pain. determines where our body is in space
central sulcus
the sulcus from top of brain (divides cortex)
occipital love
visual processing
located at back of bain
temporal lobe
memory and the perception and recognition of auditory stimuli
lateral fissure
the thing that runs through the middle the brain horizontally (divides cortex)
frontal love
in front of central sulcus
concerned with reasoning, planning, parts of speech and movement (motor cortex), emotions and problem-solving
what is lateralisation
two of the cerebral hemispheres are specialised to perform different things
contralateral arrangements
left hemisphere is more strongly connected with right side of body and this the right hemisphere is more concerned with the left
visual information from left goes to right hemisphere and right goes to left
what are the the specialities of the left hemisphere of the bran
perform functions such as speech and visual system
what is the very centre line of the brain called?
corpus callosum
what is the split-brain experiment
experiment performed on people with epilepsy to investigate the lateralisation of the cerebral hemispheres
