5. Behaviour and Brain

Question 1

what is the PNS?

Answer 1

peripheral nervous system

Question 2

what does systems are involved in the PNS

Answer 2

the somatic system and the autonomic system

Question 3

what is the CNS

Answer 3

central nervous system

Question 4

what parts of the body are involved in the CNS?

Answer 4

spinal chord and the brain

Question 5

what are the three divisions of the brain?

Answer 5

forebrain
midbrain
hindbrain

Question 6

what are the two divisions of the fore brain

Answer 6

the telencephalon and the diencephalon

Question 7

what does the telencephalon consist of?

Answer 7

cerebral cortex, limbic sytem, basal ganglia

Question 8

what does the diencephalon consist of?

Answer 8

thalamus and hypothalamus

Question 9

what is in the midbrain?

Answer 9

2 pairs of colliculi - superior and inferior colliculi

Question 10

what is in the hindbrain?

Answer 10

medulla, pons, cerebellum, reticular

Question 11

what is the process involved in the development of the brain

Answer 11

begins with a neural tube which discrete enlargements or vesicles

the embryonic vesicle will develop into major regions of the brain (fore, mid and hind brain)

Question 12

what is the role of the medulla

Answer 12

regulates functions critical for sustaining life

HR, respiration, blood pressure

Question 13

what is the role of the pons?

Answer 13

houses many clusters of the nuclei and acts as a bridge from the hind brain region

Question 14

what are one of the many clusters of nuclei in the pons?

Answer 14

reticular formation - runs through pons

regulates level of arousal - alertness, consciousness

Question 15

what is the role of the cerebellum?

Answer 15

controls movement and co-ordination to make it more organised and smoother

commonly impacted by alcogol

Question 16

what is referred to as the little brain?

Answer 16

the cerebellum

Question 17

what does the colliculi look like?

Answer 17

two bumps that sit at the back of the mid breain

Question 18

what is the role of the superior colliculi?

Answer 18

relay visual information and are important for visual attention

Question 19

what is the role of the inferior colliculi

Answer 19

relay auditory information and are important for auditory attention

Question 20

what is the role of the thalamus?

Answer 20

relay station through which all sensory information (except smell) must pass to get to the cerebral cortex. It filters and begins to organise sensory input

Question 21

what is the role of the hypothalamus

Answer 21

plays a major role in regulation of basic biological drives such as hunger and thirst.

Also controls the autonomic nervous system and is involved in the regulation of body temperature.

Also controls the pituitary gland, which is attached by a stalk to the base of the hypothalamus. the pituitary gland releases hormones into the body and controls other glands

fighting, feeding, fleeing mating

Question 22

where is the hypothalamus located

Answer 22

below the thalamus as hypo means beneath

Question 23

what is the basal ganglia

Answer 23

group of structures crucial for planing and producing movement

Question 24

what is the limbic system

Answer 24

loosely connected network of structures, plays an important role in learning and memory and in the expression of emotion

Question 25

what are the two most important structures of the limbic system?

Answer 25

hippocampus and the amygdala

Question 26

hippocampus

Answer 26

important role in particular in the consolidation of new memories (learning) - transfers them from long term to short term

Question 27

amygdala

Answer 27

located immediately in front of hippocampus, serves vital role in processing emotional information, particularly the leaning of fear responses

Question 28

cerebral cortex

Answer 28

outer layer of the cerebral hemisphere 2-6mm thick and is folded so that the relatively large surface area can fit inside the skill

Question 29

what is a gyrus?

Answer 29

a bump or bulge in the cerebral cortex

Question 30

what is the salcus?

Answer 30

the groove in a cerebral cortex

Question 31

what are the regions of the cerebral cortex?

Answer 31

``` parietal love occipital love temporal lobe frontal love central sulcus lateral fissure ```

Question 32

parietal lobe

Answer 32

located behind the central salcus concerned with the perception of stimuli related to touch, pressure, temperature and pain. determines where our body is in space

Question 33

central sulcus

Answer 33

the sulcus from top of brain (divides cortex)

Question 34

occipital love

Answer 34

visual processing located at back of bain

Question 35

temporal lobe

Answer 35

memory and the perception and recognition of auditory stimuli

Question 36

lateral fissure

Answer 36

the thing that runs through the middle the brain horizontally (divides cortex)

Question 37

frontal love

Answer 37

in front of central sulcus concerned with reasoning, planning, parts of speech and movement (motor cortex), emotions and problem-solving

Question 38

what is lateralisation

Answer 38

two of the cerebral hemispheres are specialised to perform different things

Question 39

contralateral arrangements

Answer 39

left hemisphere is more strongly connected with right side of body and this the right hemisphere is more concerned with the left visual information from left goes to right hemisphere and right goes to left

Question 40

what are the the specialities of the left hemisphere of the bran

Answer 40

perform functions such as speech and visual system

Question 41

what is the very centre line of the brain called?

Answer 41

corpus callosum

Question 42

what is the split-brain experiment

Answer 42

experiment performed on people with epilepsy to investigate the lateralisation of the cerebral hemispheres