1. Introduction

Question 1

Which psychologist was responsible for the structuralism theory?

Answer 1

Edward Titchener

Question 2

Who was responsible for the functionalism theory?

Answer 2

William James

Question 3

Who was responsible for the psychodynamic theory?

Answer 3

Sigmund Freud

Question 4

Which model is the humanistic theory based off?

Answer 4

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

Question 5

What were the two first theories of psychology?

Answer 5

Structuralism and functionalism

Question 6

Who was responsible for the behaviourist perspective?

Answer 6

John b Watson

Question 7

Within the behaviourist perspective, what are the two forms of conditioning? And who was responsible for each of them?

Answer 7

Classical conditioning = Pavlov

Operant conditioning = BF Skinner

Question 8

What is the definition of psychology?

Answer 8

The scientific investigation of mental processes (thinking, remembering and feeling), behaviour and the interaction between then

Question 9

Who designed the first psychological laboratory and in what year?

Answer 9

Wilhelm Wundt 1879

Question 10

What are the three premises of the psychodynamic perspective?

Answer 10

1. behaviour is an interplay between thoughts, feelings and wishes.
2. Some mental events are unconscious
3. Mental processes can conflict and cause anxiety

Question 11

What are the stages designed by Freud that include the anal, genital and oral stages?

Answer 11

Psychosexual stages

Question 12

What was the belief surrounding structuralism?

Answer 12

The task of psychology was to analyse the consciousness into its basic elements (e.g. Sensations related to vision and hearing) and investigate how these are related

Question 13

What was the belief surrounding the functionalism perspective?

Answer 13

Believed that psychology should investigate the function or purpose of consciousness rather than it’s structure

Question 14

Which theorist did functionalism borrow from?

Answer 14

Darwinism - consciousness can be liked to evolutionary psychology

Question 15

What was the belief surrounding the psychodynamic perspective?

Answer 15

The unconscious contains thoughts, memories and desires that are well below the surface of conscious awareness but exert a significant influence on behaviour.

Question 16

Behaviourism was the belief that…?

Answer 16

Scientific psychology should study only observable behaviour and that behaviour refers to any overt response it activity. The behaviour of humans and animals can be understood without reference to internal states such as thoughts or feelings. The aim was to seek to understand the relationship between stimuli and behaviour through the experimental method

Question 17

What was the little Albert experiment and who ran it?

Answer 17

John Watson ran an experiment on a boy and made loud noises when the boy was exposed to a rat. The boy then became scared of the rat and anything else that was fluffy

Question 18

What is radical behaviourism? And who was responsible for it?

Answer 18

B.F Skinner
Returned the strict focus on observable behaviour established by Watson.
Organisms tend to repeat responses that lead to a positive outcome and tent not to repeat responses that lead to negative outcomes

Question 19

What is humanism?

Answer 19

Takes an optimistic view of human nature.
Emphasise the unique qualities of humans (so swing away from animal experiments)

People are innately good and so will almost always choose adaptive self actualising behaviours

Question 20

What was the humanistic perspective?

Answer 20

Focuses on the uniqueness of the individual and that people are motivated to reach their full potential (self-acquisition)

This is person cantered

Question 21

Who was responsible for the humanistic perspective?

Answer 21

Abraham Maslow and Carl rogers

Question 22

What is cognition n?

Answer 22

Thought

Question 23

What is the Cognitive perspective?

Answer 23

Behaviours cannot be understood without understanding how we acquire, store and process information.

Focuses on the way people perceive, process and retrieve information

Question 24

WhAt method does the cognitive perspective apply and what does it study?

Answer 24

The scientific method to study internal mental events

Question 25

What is the evolutionary perspective?

Answer 25

Human behaviours evolve because they helped out ancestors survive and reproduce. Some behaviours are biologically determined (impulse to eat and sexual impulses). Therefore personality traits are genetic

Question 26

What debate does the evolutionary perspective rise?

Answer 26

Nature - nurture debate