5

Question 1

Functional Relation

Answer 1

a specific change in one event (the dependent variable) can reliably be produced by specific manipulations of another event (the independent variable), and that the change in the dependent variable was unlikely to be the result of other extraneous factors (confounding variables).

Question 2

Example of FR

Answer 2

Attention as IV: teaching “excuse me” to receive someone’s attention, giving attention results in increasing in asking, withholding attention results in decrease in asking

Question 3

Token Economy

Answer 3

A reinforcement technique in which conditioned reinforcers (tokens) delivered for desirable behaviors and later exchanged for back up reinforcers

Question 4

Free Operant vs. Discrete Trials

Answer 4

Similar: Responses are able to be emitted in both
Different: learner is able to respond at any point in free operant; learner is only able to respond during a specified period in discrete trials in which a SD signals the opportunity

Question 5

Environmentalism vs. Mentalistic

Answer 5

Similar: both seek to explain causes of behaviors
Different: Envir focuses on external causes, mentalism focuses on internal causes

Question 6

Preference Assessment vs. Reinforcer Assessment

Answer 6

Similar: both focus on reinforcers
Different: PA identifies POSSIBLE reinforcers, RA determines effectiveness of reinforcers

Question 7

Types of Preference Assessments

Answer 7

Direct observation, interview, single stimulus, paired choice, multiple stimuli with replacement, and multiple stimuli without replacement

Question 8

Direct Observation

Answer 8

Observe participant in room with stimuli and measure duration with stimuli

Question 9

Pros/Cons of Direct Observation

Answer 9

Pros: easy to set up, easy to collect data, little BTRs
Cons: no ranking, satiation

Question 10

Interview

Answer 10

Informant based method to identify possible reinforcers

Question 11

Pros/Cons of Interview

Answer 11

Pros: little time to conduct, good before an observation
Cons: no ranking, no direct contact, could be inaccurate

Question 12

Single Stimulus

Answer 12

Stimulus in front of participant and duration of engaging with it is timed

Question 13

Pros/Cons of Single Stimulus

Answer 13

Pros: easy analysis
Cons: no clear ranking, poor differentiation

Question 14

Paired Choice

Answer 14

Present 2 stimuli at a time, participant selects and accesses stimulus, measure % of opportunities each is chosen

Question 15

Pros/Cons of Paired Choice

Answer 15

Pros: clear rankings, good predictive validity
Cons: long duration, requires scanning and choice making, may evoke BTRs

Question 16

Multiple Stimuli with Replacement

Answer 16

Participant selects stimuli from an array of 6 and the item is returned to the array after accessed. Measures % of opportunities each stimuli is chosen

Question 17

Pros/Cons of MSWR

Answer 17

Pros: short duration, good predictive validity
Cons: may pick only 1, less consistent, requires scanning and choice making

Question 18

Multiple Stimuli Without Replacement

Answer 18

Participant selects stimuli from an array of 6 and the item is removed from the array after accessed. Measures % of opportunities each stimuli is chosen

Question 19

Pros/Cons of MSWOR

Answer 19

Pros: short duration, clear rankings, good predictive validity
Cons: may evoke BTRs, requires scanning and choice making