2 Flashcards
Chaining
A teaching procedure in which a complex skill is broken down into multiple steps and arranged into a sequence
Forward Chaining
A teaching procedure in which the first step in the chain is targeted, the learner receives reinforcement after independently completing it, and is prompted through the rest. The second step is then targeted, and so on until the entire chain is taught.
Backward Chaining
A teaching procedure in which the learner is prompted through the chain until the last step and receive reinforcement when final step is performed independently. The second to last step is then targeted, and so on until the entire chain is taught.
Total Task Chaining
A teaching procedure in which each step is taught in the chain and the learner receives prompting on any they are do not independently complete.
Task Analysis
The process of breaking a complex skill into smaller, teachable units
Shaping
A teaching procedure in which successive approximations towards a terminal goal are reinforced while previous approximations are placed on extinction
Shaping Across Topographies
Form of behavior changes; responses in response class differentially reinforced while responses of other classes put on extinction
Shaping Within Topographies
Topography of behavior remains constant. Another measurable dimension is changed (duration, latency, intensity, amount, etc.)
Methods to Conduct TA
Observe performer, execute task yourself, input from an expert, and trial and error
Prompt
Additional antecedent stimulus used to occasion behavior in presence of SD
Response Prompt
An additional antecedent stimulus that acts directly on response
Types of Response Prompts
Verbal, Model, Physical
Stimulus Prompt
An additional antecedent stimulus that acts directly on SD
Types of Stimulus Prompts
Movement, Position, Redundancy
Informed Consent
Capacity, Voluntariness, and Information
