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World week 1 > 5/9 > Flashcards

5/9 Flashcards

1
Q

Loop diuretics AE

A

Hypokalemia
Metabolic alkalosis
Pre-renal kidney injury

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2
Q

Earliest manifestations of hypovolemia

A

Tachycardia and peripheral vascular constriction

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3
Q

Features of severe preeclampsia

A 
BP > 160 (x2)
Platelets  1.2 (or double baseline)
LFTs inc
Pulmonary edema
Head symptoms
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4
Q

Anterior knee pain worse with climbing stairs typical of

A

Patellofemoral syndrome

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5
Q

Mediastinal masses by location

A

Thymoma - anterior
Bronchogenic cysts- middle
Neurogenic tumors - posterior

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6
Q

What is trichotillomnia

A

Recurrent hair pulling resulting in hair loss, distress, and functional impairment

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7
Q

Choanal atresia dx

A

Failure to pass a catheter through the nose into the oropharynx

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8
Q

What should be avoided in WPW

A

AV nodal blockers (B-blockers, CCB, Digoxin, Adenosine) as they can cause increased conduction through accessory pathway

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9
Q

Trichinellosis triad

A
  1. Periorbital edema
  2. Myositis
  3. Eosinophila
    (with GI complaints coming before)
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10
Q

Significant hyper PTH w/ significant HTN suggests

A

MEN 2A (PTH hyperplasia and pheo)

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11
Q

Why caution when biopsying bacillary angiomatosis

A

Prone to hemorrhage

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12
Q

Triple therapy

A

Clarithromycin
Amoxicillin
Omeprazole

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13
Q

What are colloid solutions

A

Albumin - for burns or conditions accompanied by hypoproteinemia

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14
Q

Isolated chlamydia tx

A

Single dose of azithromycine OR

7 day course of amoxicillin

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15
Q

Two best chronic Hep B drugs

A

Entecavir and tenofovir

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16
Q

Hep C tx

A

Peg interferon _ Ribavarin

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17
Q

MCC of viral myocarditis

A

Coxsackie B

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18
Q

How can typical antipsychotics increase hypothermia

A

Disrupting thermoregulation and the body’s shivering mechanism

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19
Q

What is clorpheniramine

A

H1 receptor blocker

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20
Q

How is the diagnosis of allergic rhinitis (upper airway cough syndrome) confirmed?

A

By elimination of nasal discharge and cough with use of H1 blocker

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21
Q

MCC of isolated elevation of alk phos in elderly

A

Paget’s dz

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22
Q

AD atrophy most prominent where

A

Temporal and parietal lobes

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23
Q

Right heart cath in pt’s w/ massive PE

A

Elevated right atrial and pulmonary artery pressures

Normal pulmonary capillary wedge pressure

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24
Q

What innervates the anterior compartment of the thigh

A

Femoral nerve

sensation to anterior thigh and medial leg

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25
What controls adduction of the thigh
Obturator nerve
26
MCC of sepsis in SS patients? how to prevent
S. pneumo (even if patient is vaccinated --> penicillin ppx until at least 5 years old)
27
Other name for osgood schlatter
Traction apophysitis
28
AML vs CML smear
AML with have large number of myeloblasts and promeylocytes | *splenomegaly also uncommon*
29
First step in patients with suspected acute arterial occlusion to limb
Immediate anticoagulation with IV heparin
30
What is escitalopram
SSRI
31
What causes splitting
Unable to integrate mixed feelings
32
What is a Chalazion
Painful swelling that progresses to a nodular rubbery lesion around eye Chronically can progress to carcinoma so biopsy repeats
33
When to C section with a placenta previa
36-37 weeks, as cervical changes and uterine contractions can cause partial placental detachment from the cervix
34
MCC of acute mesenteric ischemia
Embolus from the heart
35
Best mgmt for progressive pain in a patient w/ prostate Ca and bony mets after orchiectomy
Radiation therapy
36
Rosacea tx
Topical metronidazole
37
MCC of hip pain in children
Transient synovitis
38
ESR and CRP to worry about septic arthritis vs transient synovites
ESR > 40 | CRP > 20
39
COPD changes cause
1. Air trapping 2. Decreased VC 3. Increased TLC
40
When does hypothermia switch from mild to moderate
When shivering decreases (T drop from 90-95 to 82-90)
41
Severe hypothermia tx
Active internal warming (peritoneal warm irrigation, warmed humidified O2) *T below 82*
42
Massive doses of aspirin can lead to
Acute erosive gastritis and upper GI bleeding
43
syphilis tx for those allergic to penicllin
Doxycycline for 4 days
44
Best predictor for future DM foot ulcers
Monofilament testing
45
Gillian Barre path
Demyelination of the peripheral motor nerves | sensory and autonomic nerves may also be affected
46
3 things to do first w/ HHS
1. Aggressive hydration w/ NS 2. IV insulin 3. Careful monitoring and supplementation of K+
47
MCC of acute aortic regurgitation
Congenital bicuspid aortic valve
48
Transvaginal US more accurate until b-HCg what level
>6500
49
Only anti platelet drug shown to reduce risk of early recurrence of ischemic stroke
Aspirin
50
What is morton's neuroma
Pain between the third and fourth toes on the plantar surface w/ clicking sensation that occurs when squeezing
51
Physostigmine inhibits what
Acetylcholinesterase
52
Organophosphate poisoning tx
Atropine | *organophosphates inhibit acetylcholinesterase*
53
Warfarin induced necrosis tx
Immediately stop warfarin and administer protein C concentrate
54
What can dx carcinoid syndrome
Elevated 24 hour urinary 5-HT
55
p value for 99% CI
p
56
3 MCC of digital clubbing
1. Lung malignancies 2. CF 3. Right-left cardiac shunts
57
What is hypertrophic osteoarthropathy
Digital clubbing w/ painful joint enlargement, periostosis of long bones, and synovial effusions
58
Classic PE EKG
S1Q3T3
59
2 associates w/ poor prognosis in PEs
Low O2 sat | A-fib
60
What heart sound can be heard during acute MI
S4 due to left ventricular stiffening and dysfunction induced by myocardial ischemia
61
What b-blocker can be used safely for Peho
Labetalol (both alpha and beta blocking activity)
62
MC peripheral artery aneurysms
Popliteal and femoral artery aneurysms
63
3 biggest contributors to pos op ileus
1. Increased splanich nerve sympathetic tone 2. Local release of inflammatory mediators 3. Postoperative opiate drugs
64
3 best BP drugs in pregnancy
1. Methylopa 2. Hydrazine 3. Labetalol
65
First thing to do when IUFD is diagnosed
Coagulation profile
66
MCC of nephrotic syndrome in children
MCD
67
3 big parts of fibromyalgia tx
1. Regular aerobic exercise 2. Good sleep hygiene 3. TCAs
68
3 big red flags for uterine rupture
1. Sudden onset abdominal pain 2. Recession of the presenting part during active labor 3. Fetal HR abnormalities
69
Placental abruption presentation
Acute vaginal bleeding Distended uterus Abdominal pain
70
3 big Frederic's ataxia systems
1. Neurologic (ataxia, dysarthria) 2. Skeletal (scoliosis, feet deformities *hammer toes*) 3. Cardiac (concentric hypertrophic cardiomyopathy)
71
Study to determine disease prevalence
Cross-sectional
72
Cohort study best for
Incidence of a disease
73
2 characteristic features of NF2
1. Bilateral acoustic neuromas | 2. Cataracts
74
Presentation of liver mets
RUQ pain Mildly elevated LFTs Firm hepatomegaly
75
2 MCC of acute unilateral lymphadenopathy in kids
1. S. aureus (MC) | 2. GAS
76
Common hip complication of long term steroid use
Avascular necrosis
77
Best test for avascular necrosis
MRI
78
Hyponatremia usually do to
Excess water intake that is greater than the kidneys ability to excrete free water
79
How does hypovolemia cause hyponatremia
Increases RAAS and stimulates ADH
80
Anorexia BMI cutoff
81
First step in suspected urethral injury
Retrograde urethrogram
82
Test for bladder injury
Retrograde cystogram
83
Main substrates of gluconeogenesis
Alanine Glutamine Lactase G-3P
84
Alanine converted to what in gluconeogenesis
Pyruvate
85
TTP treatment
Plasmapheresis
86
Asymptomatic bacteruria in pregnancy tx
1. Nitrofurantoin for 5-7 days 2. Amox/clav for 3-7 days 3. Single dose fosfomycin
87
Loose associations
Lack of logical connection b/w thoughts or ideas of an individual
88
What is tengentiality
Abrupt, permanent deviation from the current subject
89
Two big complications of bronchiolitis
1. Apnea | 2. Respiratory failure
90
3 odd metabolic abnormalities of hypothyroidism
1. Hyperlipidemia 2. Hyponatremia 3. Asymptomatic Ck elevations
91
How do AV fistulas cause HF
Shunting blood from arterial to venous side, thereby increasing cardiac pre-load
92
High output HF features
1. widened pulse pressure 2. strong peripheral arterial pulsation 3. Systolic flow murmer 4. tachycardia 5. Flushed extremities

World week 1 (17 decks)

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