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World week 1 > 5/9 > Flashcards

5/9 Flashcards

1
Q

Loop diuretics AE

A

Hypokalemia
Metabolic alkalosis
Pre-renal kidney injury

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2
Q

Earliest manifestations of hypovolemia

A

Tachycardia and peripheral vascular constriction

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3
Q

Features of severe preeclampsia

A 
BP > 160 (x2)
Platelets  1.2 (or double baseline)
LFTs inc
Pulmonary edema
Head symptoms
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4
Q

Anterior knee pain worse with climbing stairs typical of

A

Patellofemoral syndrome

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5
Q

Mediastinal masses by location

A

Thymoma - anterior
Bronchogenic cysts- middle
Neurogenic tumors - posterior

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6
Q

What is trichotillomnia

A

Recurrent hair pulling resulting in hair loss, distress, and functional impairment

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7
Q

Choanal atresia dx

A

Failure to pass a catheter through the nose into the oropharynx

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8
Q

What should be avoided in WPW

A

AV nodal blockers (B-blockers, CCB, Digoxin, Adenosine) as they can cause increased conduction through accessory pathway

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9
Q

Trichinellosis triad

A
  1. Periorbital edema
  2. Myositis
  3. Eosinophila
    (with GI complaints coming before)
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10
Q

Significant hyper PTH w/ significant HTN suggests

A

MEN 2A (PTH hyperplasia and pheo)

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11
Q

Why caution when biopsying bacillary angiomatosis

A

Prone to hemorrhage

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12
Q

Triple therapy

A

Clarithromycin
Amoxicillin
Omeprazole

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13
Q

What are colloid solutions

A

Albumin - for burns or conditions accompanied by hypoproteinemia

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14
Q

Isolated chlamydia tx

A

Single dose of azithromycine OR

7 day course of amoxicillin

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15
Q

Two best chronic Hep B drugs

A

Entecavir and tenofovir

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16
Q

Hep C tx

A

Peg interferon _ Ribavarin

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17
Q

MCC of viral myocarditis

A

Coxsackie B

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18
Q

How can typical antipsychotics increase hypothermia

A

Disrupting thermoregulation and the body’s shivering mechanism

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19
Q

What is clorpheniramine

A

H1 receptor blocker

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20
Q

How is the diagnosis of allergic rhinitis (upper airway cough syndrome) confirmed?

A

By elimination of nasal discharge and cough with use of H1 blocker

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21
Q

MCC of isolated elevation of alk phos in elderly

A

Paget’s dz

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22
Q

AD atrophy most prominent where

A

Temporal and parietal lobes

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23
Q

Right heart cath in pt’s w/ massive PE

A

Elevated right atrial and pulmonary artery pressures

Normal pulmonary capillary wedge pressure

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24
Q

What innervates the anterior compartment of the thigh

A

Femoral nerve

sensation to anterior thigh and medial leg

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25
Q

What controls adduction of the thigh

A

Obturator nerve

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26
Q

MCC of sepsis in SS patients? how to prevent

A

S. pneumo (even if patient is vaccinated –> penicillin ppx until at least 5 years old)

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27
Q

Other name for osgood schlatter

A

Traction apophysitis

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28
Q

AML vs CML smear

A

AML with have large number of myeloblasts and promeylocytes

splenomegaly also uncommon

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29
Q

First step in patients with suspected acute arterial occlusion to limb

A

Immediate anticoagulation with IV heparin

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30
Q

What is escitalopram

A

SSRI

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31
Q

What causes splitting

A

Unable to integrate mixed feelings

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32
Q

What is a Chalazion

A

Painful swelling that progresses to a nodular rubbery lesion around eye
Chronically can progress to carcinoma so biopsy repeats

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33
Q

When to C section with a placenta previa

A

36-37 weeks, as cervical changes and uterine contractions can cause partial placental detachment from the cervix

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34
Q

MCC of acute mesenteric ischemia

A

Embolus from the heart

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35
Q

Best mgmt for progressive pain in a patient w/ prostate Ca and bony mets after orchiectomy

A

Radiation therapy

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36
Q

Rosacea tx

A

Topical metronidazole

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37
Q

MCC of hip pain in children

A

Transient synovitis

38
Q

ESR and CRP to worry about septic arthritis vs transient synovites

A

ESR > 40

CRP > 20

39
Q

COPD changes cause

A
  1. Air trapping
  2. Decreased VC
  3. Increased TLC
40
Q

When does hypothermia switch from mild to moderate

A

When shivering decreases (T drop from 90-95 to 82-90)

41
Q

Severe hypothermia tx

A

Active internal warming (peritoneal warm irrigation, warmed humidified O2)
T below 82

42
Q

Massive doses of aspirin can lead to

A

Acute erosive gastritis and upper GI bleeding

43
Q

syphilis tx for those allergic to penicllin

A

Doxycycline for 4 days

44
Q

Best predictor for future DM foot ulcers

A

Monofilament testing

45
Q

Gillian Barre path

A

Demyelination of the peripheral motor nerves

sensory and autonomic nerves may also be affected

46
Q

3 things to do first w/ HHS

A
  1. Aggressive hydration w/ NS
  2. IV insulin
  3. Careful monitoring and supplementation of K+
47
Q

MCC of acute aortic regurgitation

A

Congenital bicuspid aortic valve

48
Q

Transvaginal US more accurate until b-HCg what level

49
Q

Only anti platelet drug shown to reduce risk of early recurrence of ischemic stroke

50
Q

What is morton’s neuroma

A

Pain between the third and fourth toes on the plantar surface w/ clicking sensation that occurs when squeezing

51
Q

Physostigmine inhibits what

A

Acetylcholinesterase

52
Q

Organophosphate poisoning tx

A

Atropine

organophosphates inhibit acetylcholinesterase

53
Q

Warfarin induced necrosis tx

A

Immediately stop warfarin and administer protein C concentrate

54
Q

What can dx carcinoid syndrome

A

Elevated 24 hour urinary 5-HT

55
Q

p value for 99% CI

56
Q

3 MCC of digital clubbing

A
  1. Lung malignancies
  2. CF
  3. Right-left cardiac shunts
57
Q

What is hypertrophic osteoarthropathy

A

Digital clubbing w/ painful joint enlargement, periostosis of long bones, and synovial effusions

58
Q

Classic PE EKG

59
Q

2 associates w/ poor prognosis in PEs

A

Low O2 sat

A-fib

60
Q

What heart sound can be heard during acute MI

A

S4 due to left ventricular stiffening and dysfunction induced by myocardial ischemia

61
Q

What b-blocker can be used safely for Peho

A

Labetalol (both alpha and beta blocking activity)

62
Q

MC peripheral artery aneurysms

A

Popliteal and femoral artery aneurysms

63
Q

3 biggest contributors to pos op ileus

A
  1. Increased splanich nerve sympathetic tone
  2. Local release of inflammatory mediators
  3. Postoperative opiate drugs
64
Q

3 best BP drugs in pregnancy

A
  1. Methylopa
  2. Hydrazine
  3. Labetalol
65
Q

First thing to do when IUFD is diagnosed

A

Coagulation profile

66
Q

MCC of nephrotic syndrome in children

67
Q

3 big parts of fibromyalgia tx

A
  1. Regular aerobic exercise
  2. Good sleep hygiene
  3. TCAs
68
Q

3 big red flags for uterine rupture

A
  1. Sudden onset abdominal pain
  2. Recession of the presenting part during active labor
  3. Fetal HR abnormalities
69
Q

Placental abruption presentation

A

Acute vaginal bleeding
Distended uterus
Abdominal pain

70
Q

3 big Frederic’s ataxia systems

A
  1. Neurologic (ataxia, dysarthria)
  2. Skeletal (scoliosis, feet deformities hammer toes)
  3. Cardiac (concentric hypertrophic cardiomyopathy)
71
Q

Study to determine disease prevalence

A

Cross-sectional

72
Q

Cohort study best for

A

Incidence of a disease

73
Q

2 characteristic features of NF2

A
  1. Bilateral acoustic neuromas

2. Cataracts

74
Q

Presentation of liver mets

A

RUQ pain
Mildly elevated LFTs
Firm hepatomegaly

75
Q

2 MCC of acute unilateral lymphadenopathy in kids

A
  1. S. aureus (MC)

2. GAS

76
Q

Common hip complication of long term steroid use

A

Avascular necrosis

77
Q

Best test for avascular necrosis

78
Q

Hyponatremia usually do to

A

Excess water intake that is greater than the kidneys ability to excrete free water

79
Q

How does hypovolemia cause hyponatremia

A

Increases RAAS and stimulates ADH

80
Q

Anorexia BMI cutoff

81
Q

First step in suspected urethral injury

A

Retrograde urethrogram

82
Q

Test for bladder injury

A

Retrograde cystogram

83
Q

Main substrates of gluconeogenesis

A

Alanine
Glutamine
Lactase
G-3P

84
Q

Alanine converted to what in gluconeogenesis

85
Q

TTP treatment

A

Plasmapheresis

86
Q

Asymptomatic bacteruria in pregnancy tx

A
  1. Nitrofurantoin for 5-7 days
  2. Amox/clav for 3-7 days
  3. Single dose fosfomycin
87
Q

Loose associations

A

Lack of logical connection b/w thoughts or ideas of an individual

88
Q

What is tengentiality

A

Abrupt, permanent deviation from the current subject

89
Q

Two big complications of bronchiolitis

A
  1. Apnea

2. Respiratory failure

90
Q

3 odd metabolic abnormalities of hypothyroidism

A
  1. Hyperlipidemia
  2. Hyponatremia
  3. Asymptomatic Ck elevations
91
Q

How do AV fistulas cause HF

A

Shunting blood from arterial to venous side, thereby increasing cardiac pre-load

92
Q

High output HF features

A
  1. widened pulse pressure
  2. strong peripheral arterial pulsation
  3. Systolic flow murmer
  4. tachycardia
  5. Flushed extremities

World week 1 (17 decks)

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