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World week 1 > 5/4 > Flashcards

5/4 Flashcards

1
Q

Spinal chord compression workup

A

Surgery consult
Neuroimaging
IV steroid (maybe)

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2
Q

How long to treat a single episode of depression

A

6 months

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3
Q

Ethylene glycol tox

A

Hypocalcemia and calcium oxalate deposition in kidneys

–>Massive anion gap (HCO3

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4
Q

Ethylene glycol tx tx

A

Fomepizole or ethanol to inhibit alcohol dehydrogenase

can also give sodium bicarb to alleviate acidosis

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5
Q

Cat bite bacteria to worry about and tx

A

Pasturella

Tx w/ Amox/clavulanate

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6
Q

Growth and weight by 1 year old

A

Weight should triple

Height should increase by 50%

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7
Q

PSVT EKG and tx

A

Sudden onset, regular, and narrow complex tachycardia

Adenosine (slows AV nodal conduction)

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8
Q

1st step for A-fib w/ RVR

A

Rate control with B-blockers or CCB (Dilitazam)

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9
Q

Aromatase def features

A

XX- normal internal genitalia w/ ambiguous external genetalia, literal hypertrophy
High FSH/LH with low estrogen

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10
Q

McCune-Albright triad

A

Cafe au last spots
Polycystic fibrous dysplasia
Endocrine hyperfunction

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11
Q

Gold standard for dx’ing VUR

A

Voiding cystourethrogram

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12
Q

Tx for all children w/ a UTI age 2-24 monhs

A

Renal and bladder US to evaluate for any anomalies that may predispose to VUR

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13
Q

When are loop diuretics recommended for SIADH

A

If urine osmolarity is more than 2x serum osmolarity

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14
Q

If a girl has lots of early pubic hair but no breast budding, where is the premature adrenarche coming from

A

Adrenals

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15
Q

What causes isolated precocious puberty

A

Early HPA activation

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16
Q

What should be suspected in a well appearing neonate with painless bloody stools

A

Milk or soy protein proctoclitis

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17
Q

Tx for sphincter of oddi dysfunction

A

ERCP w/ sphincterotomy

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18
Q

2 big causes for pediatric myocarditis

A

Cox B

Adenovirus

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19
Q

Viral myocarditis featuers

A

Acute left heart failure signs after viral syndrome
Holsytolic murmur from functioning mitral regurg
Hepatomegaly and cardiomegaly

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20
Q

Biopsy shows endometrial hyperplasia: next step if atypia? if no atypia?

A

Atypia: Hysterectomy

No atypia: Progestin therapy

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21
Q

2 big burn sepsis bugs

A

S. aureus

Pseudomonas

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22
Q

Spherocytosis tests

A

Inc. MCHC
Osmotic fragility on acidified glycerol lysis test
Abnormal eosin-5-maleimide binding test

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23
Q

A reliable test gives what

A

Similar results on repeated measurements

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24
Q

Transferrin saturation highest in what

A

Thalassemia (Iron/TIBC)

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25
Q

Antipsychotic most likely to increase prolactin

A

Risperidone

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26
Q

Aripiprazole MOA

A

Partial D2 agonist (rather than antagonist)

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27
Q

Epo side affects

A
  1. Worsening of HTN
  2. Headaches
  3. Flu-like syndrome
  4. Red cell aplasia
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28
Q

COPD exacerbation tx

A
  1. Supplemental O2 (sat 88-92%)
  2. Inhaled bronchodilators (b2 agonist and anticholinergics)
  3. Antibiotics
  4. Systemic glucocorticoids
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29
Q

Mild intermittent asthma

A
  1. Symptoms
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30
Q

Acetaminophen OD guidlines

A

Charcoal if

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31
Q

What type of cancer increases Vit D production

A

All lymphomas

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32
Q

CML mutation? tx?

A

9:22 fusion of BCR/ABLE gene

Tx with imatinib (non-receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor)

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33
Q

What is isolated systolic hypertension? tx?

A

HTN in elderly patients caused by decreased elasticity of the arterial wall
Tx: thiazide, ACE, or CCB

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34
Q

Best drug to slow progression of DM nephropathy

A

Ace inhibitors

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35
Q

Meningococcal vaccination schedule

A

Age 11-12 (or 13-18 if not before)

Booster at 16-21 (if primary before 16th birthday)

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36
Q

1st step when gastric adenocarcinoma is diagnosed

A

Staging w/ CT scan

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37
Q

First line tx for PCOS

A

Weight loss and COC therapy

38
Q

Surgical hx + bad ab pain + persistent variable decelerations worry about?

A

Uterine rupture

Do laparotomy and delivery (C-section)

39
Q

Contra to catheter in trauma patient

A

Obvious pelvic injury or blood at the urethral meatus

40
Q

Chronic tearing that is often unilateral in neonate

A

Dacryostenosis (nasolacrimal duct obstruction)

41
Q

Endometriosis exam

A

May show rectovaginal tenderness or tenderness w/ movement of uterus due to tissue in rectovaginal septum, peritoneum, uterosacral ligaments

42
Q

Thickening or uterosacral ligaments on exam

A

Think endometriosis

43
Q

How does endometriosis incr. infertility risk

A

Chronic inflammation and adhesion formation

44
Q

Edema in nephritic glomerulonephritis due to

A

Decreased GFR and retention of Na and H2O by kidneys

45
Q

Breast feeding mastitis tx

A

Dicloxacillin or cephalexin

46
Q

Things that can cause pulsus paradoxus besides tamponade? why?

A

Asthma and COPD (due to greatly exaggerated drop in intrathoracic pressure during inspiration)

47
Q

Think what when CT shows gas in gallbladder? who gets it?

A

Emphysematous colitis

Seen in immunocompromised people (DM)

48
Q

Aortic rupture CXR

A

Widened mediastinum and left sided hemothorax

49
Q

Food borne vs non infantile botulism

A

Foodborn- ingestion of preformed C botulinum toxin

Non-foodborne- Ingestion of SPORES from the environment

50
Q

Marfan mutation

A

Fibrillin-1

51
Q

Visual acuity testing at well child visits

A

Infants: observe fixation and tracking
Older infants: cover-uncover test
Over 3: visual acuity testing begins

52
Q

Who gets the rotavirus vaccine

A

2-8 months old (highest risk from severe dehydration at this age range)

53
Q

Children who suffer from selective mutism features

A

Talkative at home but refuse to speak in specific settings, like school

54
Q

Why gout in myeloproliferative disorders

A

Excessive turnover of purines and resulting increase in uric acid production

55
Q

Why elevated BUN/Creatinine ratio in upper GI bleed

A

Increased urea production (from intestinal Hgb breakdown) and increased urea reabsorption (due to hypovolemia)

56
Q

Why angina in aortic stenosis

A

Increased myocardial oxygen demand due to increased left ventricular mass

57
Q

Hallmark of asbestosis imaging

A

Pleural plaques

58
Q

Contact lens associated keratitis due to

A

Pseudomonas and Serratia

59
Q

Eczema herpeticum features

A

Painful vesicular rash w/ “punched out” erosions and hemorrhagic crusting

60
Q

MCC of death in acromegaly

A

Cardiovascular

61
Q

Idiopathic (central) precocious puberty seen almost always in

A

Girls

62
Q

Late onset CAH features

A

Advanced bone age
Coarse axillary and pubic hair
Severe cystic acne

63
Q

Test to determine central vs peripheral precious puberty

A

LH level after GnRH stimulation (in gonadotropin independent (peripheral) LH will be low before and after)

64
Q

Triad in disseminated gonococcal disease

A
  1. Polyarthralgia
  2. Tenosynovitis
  3. Painless vesicopustular skin lesions
65
Q

When should you suspect SBP

A

Any patient with cirrhosis and ascites accompanied by either fever or change in mental status

66
Q

+ SBP test

A

Positive ascites fluid culture and neutrophil count >250mm3

67
Q

When is confounding bias present

A

When at lest part of the exposure-disease relationship can be explained by another variable (confounder)

68
Q

What is notorious for causing refractory hypokalemia

A

Hypomagnesemia (be sure to correct Mg and K)

69
Q

Acute pancreatitis complicated by hypotension thought to arise from

A

Intravascular volume loss 2/2 local and systemic vascular endothelial injury

70
Q

Smudge cells seen in

A

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia

71
Q

What makes alcoholic hallucinations different from DT

A

24-48 hours of last drink and sensorium remains intact w/ stable vitals

72
Q

GAD tx

A

SSRI or SNRI

73
Q

What is increased in yolk sac tumor

A

AFP

74
Q

What is increased in leydig cell tumors

A

Testosterone and Estrogen (Inc aromatase activity) w/ secondary inhibitio of LH and FSH

75
Q

Most common ped’s fracture

A

Supracondylar fracture of the humerus

76
Q

Most common complication of the supracondylar fracture of the humerus

A

Entrapment of the brachial artery or median nerve

77
Q

HELLP

A

Hemolysis
Elevated Liver enzymes
Low Platelets
Also RUQ pain

78
Q

What causes pulmonary edema in severe Preeclampsia

A

Increased systemic vascular resistance, capillary permeability, pulmonary cap hydrostatic pressure, and decreased albumin

79
Q

Primary vaginal cancer characterized by

A

Bloody malodorous discharge and an irregular vaginal lesions

dx by biopsy before excision

80
Q

Aspirin is a common trigger for bronchoconstriction in what asthma patients

A

Those with chronic rhinitis an nasal polyps

81
Q

What is amantadine

A

Dopa agonist (PD)

82
Q

Shape of Calcium oxalate crystals

A

Envelope

83
Q

What is vaginismus caused by

A

Involuntary contraction of the perineal musculature (psychosocial underlying cause)

84
Q

Two things that help ARDS (vent wise)

A

Low tidal volumes

PEEP

85
Q

TB common cause of what dz

A

Primary adrenal insufficiency

86
Q

All patients with precocious puberty and elevated LH should get what

A

Brain MRI with contrast

87
Q

Primary tx for idiopathic GDPP? why?

A

RnRH agonist therapy to prevent premature epiphyseal plate fusion and maximize height potential

88
Q

What grave’s dz tx can temporarily make graves opthalmopathy worse

A

Radioactive iodine

89
Q

What drug is contraindicated in acute MI w/ pulmonary edema

A

B-blockers (but good for MIs without)

90
Q

Rubella vaccine in pregnancy

A

Not recommended but probably not harmful

91
Q

Tx to reduce hypercalcemia in immobilized people

A

Hydration and bisphosphonates

World week 1 (17 decks)

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