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World week 1 > 5/5 > Flashcards

5/5 Flashcards

1
Q

What is treatment response defined as

A

When a patient demonstrates significant improvement (with or without a remission) generally 50% better

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2
Q

What fluids correct alkalosis

A

Volume resuscitation with normal saline

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3
Q

Who is most likely to get acute bacterial parotitis? most common bug?

A

Dehydrated post op patients and the elderly

Most common bug is S. aureus

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4
Q

Hyperestrogenism in cirrhosis causes

A

Gynecomastia
Spider angiomas
Palmar erythema
Testicular atrophy

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5
Q

What differentiates delirium from other psychotic illnesses

A

Fluctuating levels of consciousness
Acuity of onset
Association w/ underlying medical illness and/or offending mechanisms

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6
Q

Post-partum blues timing

A

2-3 days (resolves within 10 days)

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7
Q

When to give bethmethason to pregnant ladies w/ PPROM

A

When

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8
Q

Fanconi’s anemia dx made by? tx?

A

Made by chromosomal breaks on genetic analysis combined with clinical findings
Tx: hematopoietic stem cell transplant

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9
Q

Anemia in Fanconi’s

A

Usually microcytic (w/ congenital marrow failure)

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10
Q

Imaging for DDH

A
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11
Q

Big complication with bronchiectasis

A

Hemoptysis

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12
Q

13 vs 23 pneumo vaccine immune response

A

13- polysaccharides conj to protein –> T cell dependent B cell response
23- capsular polysaccharide–> T cell independent B cell response

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13
Q

Who gets PCV13

A

All infant and young children

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14
Q

Who gets PPSV23

A

Adults

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15
Q

PBC ass w/

A

Ant-Mitochondrial Ab
Sever hyperlipidemia
Metabolic bone disease

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16
Q

What causes referring syndrome? clinical manifestations?

A

Carb intake stimulates insulin activity, promoting cellular uptake of PO4*, K, and Mg
-Arrhythmias and cardiopulmonary failure

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17
Q

Drug-induced interstitial nephritis features

A

Fever, rash, and arthralgia

sterile pyuria w/ eosinophils

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18
Q

How long for PSGN

A

10-20 days after strep throat or skin infections

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19
Q

What is salvage therapy

A

Treatment for a disease when standard therapy fails

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20
Q

Why follow giant cell arteritis patients with serial chest X-rays

A

Aortic aneurysms are a well known complication

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21
Q

EM usually occurs after?

A

Herpes simplex lesion

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22
Q

SJS by sudden onset of

A

Mucocutaneous lesions and systemic signs of toxicity

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23
Q

Common features of psoriatic arthritis

A

Morning stiffness
Sausage fingers
Nail involvement

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24
Q

Ataxia hemiparesis from stroke where

A

Pons

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25
What is needed differentiate follicular thyroid adenoma from carcinoma
Carcinoma will show invasion of the capsule and blood vessels
26
Lyme tx
Doxy (unless pregnant or under 8 years old)
27
Best initial test for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Pandendoscopy (esophagoscope, bronchoscopy, and laryngoscopy)
28
Renal vein thrombosis most commonly seen with what nephropathy? why
Membranous | Loss of antithrombin III
29
Renal vein thrombosis presentation
Acute abdominal pain, fever, and hematuria | Or progressive with gradual renal worsening and proteinuria
30
What causes orthostatic hypotension in elderly
Progressively decreasing baroreceptor sensitivity and defects in myocardial response
31
Greatest risk in completing homicide
Access to firearms
32
Most appropriate test to identify intrauterine fetal demise
Real time US to demonstrate an absence of fetal movements and cardiac activity
33
When should be done in all cases of stillbirth
Autopsy of the fetus and placenta (with permission from the parents)
34
Can pregnant women get Hep A and B vaccines
A resounding yes!
35
Most common cause of decreased fertility in women in their 30s+ who still have periods
Age-related decrease in ovarian reserve
36
Breast milk vs feeding failure jaundice timing
Failure: First week of life BMJ: starts at 3-5 days, peaks at 2 weeks
37
Cause of breastfeeding failure jaundice
1. Decreased bilirubin elimination 2. Increased enterohepatic circulation * signs of DEHYDRATION*
38
Cause of breast milk jaundice
High levels of B-glucuronidase in beast milk deconjugate intestinal bill and increase enterohepatic circulation
39
What should be suspected in any patient with pancytopenia following drug, toxin, or viral exposure
Aplastic anemia
40
TTN CXR
Bilateral perihilar linear streaking
41
Persistent pulmonary HTN of newborn CXR
Clear lungs with decreased pulmonary vasulcairty
42
TTN pathophys
Inadequate alveolar fluid clearance at birth resulting in mild pulmonary edema
43
Factitious diarrhea colon biopsy
Dark brown discoloration w/ lymph follicles singing through as pale patches (melanosis coli)
44
1st line therapy for patients w/ HTN and renal artery stenosis
ACEi or ARBs
45
Lab test good for dx of gallstone pancreatitis
ALT > 150
46
Why dec in BUN and Cr in pregnant patients
Inc. in renal plasma flow and GFR
47
In setting of liver disease, what two labs suggests ALF
1. Worsening PT/INR | 2. Inc bilirubin
48
What causes acute mitral regurg in inferior MI
Papillae muscle displacement
49
Acute mitral regurg heart changes
Elevated L atrial an ventricular filling pressures Acute pulmonary edema *chronic would change atrial/ventricle size and compliance*
50
How dose insulin resistance cause NASh
Inc. lipolysis, TG synthesis, and hepatic uptake of FA | --> Hepatic FA increase oxidative stress and production or pro-inflammatory cytokines
51
What do factorial design studies do
Involve randomization of different interventions with additional study of 2 or more variables
52
What is a cross over study
One group treated and other alternate treatment, then they switch
53
What is a "rare disease assumption"
In case-control studies, if outcome is uncommon in the population, odds ratio is a close approximation to the Relative Risk (which can normally only be calculated from cohort study)
54
RR calculation in cohort study
``` Compare risk (incidence) of disease among exposed to unexposed *can't calculate RR in case control study* ```
55
Relative risk vs OR
RR --> Cohort study | OR --> Case control study
56
Demeocyline used for treating
SIADH --> inhibits ADH-mediated aquaporin insertion in the cortical collecting tubule
57
3 ways to dx lactose intolerance
1. + hydrogen breath test 2. + stool test for reducing substances 3. Low stool pH and increased stool osmotic gap
58
Post-op endothalmitis presentation
Pain and decreased visual acuity | Ex: Swollen eyelids and conjunctiva, hypopyon, corneal edema and infection
59
A-fib EKG features
Irregularly irregular R-R interval Absent P waves Narrow QRS complexes
60
Aspergillus serology test
Aspergillus IgG
61
Drug for stable patients with torsades
IV magnesium
62
First step in evaluating post op oliguria
Rule out obstruction
63
2 reasons for low back pain in pregnancy
- Increases in lumbar lordosis | - Relaxation of the ligaments supporting the joints of the pelvic girdle
64
Simple breast cysts management
Needle aspiration (if patient desires)
65
If breast mass in women under 30 is complex cysts/solid looking, next step?
Image-guided core biopsy
66
Mgmt of asymptomatic women with pelvic masses
Transvaginal US and then CA-125 level
67
2 drugs that increase appetite in chronic cancer patients
Progesterone analogues and corticosteroids
68
Splenectomy patients bad w/ encapsulated bugs do to
Impaired antibody mediated opsonization in phagocytosis
69
Congenital rubella triad
1. Sensorineural deafness 2. Cardiac defects (PDA) 3. Cataracts
70
2 Turners heart defects
Bicuspid aortic valve Coarctation *Also aortic root dilation*
71
Reactive arthritis tx
NSAIDs
72
Calcium phosphate stones common in
Primary hyper PTh | RTA
73
What is Neurogenic arthropathy
Complication of neuropathy and repeated joint trauma affects weight bearing joints w/ deformity and loose bodies on imaging
74
Big 4 of carbon monoxide poisoning
Polycythemia Nausea Dizziness Headaches
75
Grip myotonia seen in
Myotonic muscular dystrophy
76
Pos PPD tx in HIV pt's
Isoniazid (and pyridoxine) for 9 months
77
Angina like episodes at likely? tx? avoid?
Prinzmentals CCB and/or nitrates Avoid non-selective B-blockers and aspirin
78
Most effective way to prevent systemic embolization in patients with non-valvular a-fib
Antithrombotic therapy
79
How does wilsons hurt liver
Hepatolenticular degneration
80
What causes familial hypocalciruic hypercalcemia
Abnormal calcium-sensing receptors on PTH and renal tubules --> Hypercalcemia and borderline high PTH
81
Chronic bronchitis def
Chronic productive cough for 3 month in 2 successive years
82
Phenytoin impairs absorption of what? other drugs do what to this?
Folic acid | MTX and TMP-SMX antagonize its physiologic effects
83
What can you take from drug reps
Only non-monetary gifts that are of minimal value and directly beneficial to patients
84
Pertussis tx
Macrolide antibiotics

World week 1 (17 decks)

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