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World week 1 > 5/6 > Flashcards

5/6 Flashcards

1
Q

Target INR for A-fib or idiopathic VTE

A

2.0-3.0

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2
Q

Target INR for patients with prosthetic heart valves

A

2.5-3.5

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3
Q

What should be checked in every patient w/ menopause like symptoms

A

TSH and FSH

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4
Q

CGD defect

A

NADPH oxidase enzyme complex –> can’t form hydrogen peroxidase

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5
Q

Cause of LAD

A

Impaired neutrophil migration to the site of infection

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6
Q

LAD features

A

Delayed umbilical chord separation, recurrent NON PURULENT infections, marked neutropenia, and severe periodontal

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7
Q

Type 1 vs 2 HIT timing

A

type 1: within 2 days and usually fixes itself

type 2: 5-10 days

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8
Q

Initial carpal tunnel tx

A

Splinting and NSAIDs

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9
Q

Presentation of vasa previa

A

Painless vaginal bleeding that occurs w/ rupture of membranes followed by fetal deterioration

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10
Q

First line tx for symptomatic bradycardia

A

IV Atropine

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11
Q

What is Ludwig’s angina? MCC of death with this

A

Infection of the submandibular and sublingual glands

MCC of death with this is asphyxiation

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12
Q

SCFE in pt’s w/ endocrinopathies

A

Likely bilateral with early presentation

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13
Q

Edwards features

A

Trisomy 18 –> Rocker bottom feet, VSD, absent palmar creases, overlapping fingers, microcnathia

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14
Q

Newborns with Hep B pos mothers

A

HBIG (passive immunization) followed by active immunization with HBV vaccine

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15
Q

Dx conformation of ALL

A

Bone marrow biopsy showing >25% lymphoblasts

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16
Q

Why can severe pain prevent urination in BPH dudes

A

They need to valsalva in order to pee

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17
Q

Why bone loss in AS patients

A

Increased osteoclast activity in the setting of chronic inflammation

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18
Q

Inflammatory back pain feature of AS

A

Relieved with exercise but not rest

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19
Q

Hgb electrophoresis of beta-thal minor

A

Increased Hgb A2

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20
Q

Heme studies of Thal minor

A

MCV out of proportion to degree of anemia (Hgb > 10) and disproportionately high RBC count

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21
Q

When does iron def anemia become microcytic

A

When Hgb drops below 10

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22
Q

Tricomonas tx

A

Metronidazole

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23
Q

K in ACE use

A

Hyperkaelmia and rise in creatinine due to reduced GFR

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24
Q

CLL conforation

A

Flow cytomerty –> can demonstrate lymphocyte clonality

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25
What bug causes endocarditis associated with nosocomial UTIs
Enterococci
26
Viridans group strep endocarditis with (2)
1. Dental procedures | 2. Procedures involving incision and biopsy of respiratory tract
27
Lateral epicondylitis features
Pain w/ supination or extension of the wrist and point tenderness just distal to lateral epicondyle
28
Test for radial tunnel syndrome
Flexing patients long finger while patient actively extends the finger and wrists
29
MCC of paroxysmal tachycardia in people without structural heart disease? What causes it
PSVT | Usually caused by re-entry circuit in AV node
30
What is often associated with breath holding spells in children
Iron deficiency anemia
31
2ndary hyper-PTH from renal failure features
Hypocalcemia Hyperphosphatemia Increased PTH
32
What can thyroid surgery cause
Hypoparathyroidism
33
When do sickle cell kids spleens usually auto-infarct
First 18-36 months of life
34
What are Heinz bodies
Aggregates of denatured Hgb seen in G6PD def and thalassemia | *form bite cells with macrophages get them*
35
Alports defect? kidney biopsy?
X-linked defect in collagen-IV formation | Kidney biopsy usually shows thinning of GBM
36
Two organs goodpasutures affects
Lung and Kidney
37
Increased deposition of poorly mineralized osteoid is seen in
Vit D def
38
Most common part of the spine RA affects?
Cervical joints in the axial skeleton --> can lead to cervical spine subluxation
39
Serous otitis media otoscope exam
Dull TM that is hypomobile on pneumatic otoscope
40
Big acute interstitial nephritis drugs
Penicillins, TMP-SMX, cephalosporins, NSAIDs
41
Barter/Gittlemans syndrome labs
Normotensive w/ hypokalemia and alkalosis | *high urine [Cl]*
42
MCC of a-fib
Ectopic foci within the Pulmonary veins
43
Who gets plasma HIV RNA tests
Patients with negative serologic tests but high clinical suspicion of HIV
44
Project
Attributing undesirable feelings to someone else
45
What do MEN 2A and 2B have in common? different?
Both have MTC and Pheos 2A has parathyroid hyperplasia 2B have mucosal neuromas and marfanoid habitus
46
Lab of congenital toxo
Hyperbilirubinemia and thrombocytopenia
47
What can prolonged nitroprusside therapy cause? presentation?
Cyanide toxicity --> presents with AMS, lactic acidosis, seizures, and coma
48
Gold standard to dx cervical incompetence
Transvaginal US --> look for funneling of cervix or short cervical length
49
Two best tx for stress incompetence
1. Pelvic muscle exercises | 2. Urethropexy
50
MCC of isolate proteinuria in children
Transient proteinuria --> repeat urine dipstick for protein 2x to rule out anything else
51
Whistling noise after rhinoplast
Nasal septal perforation likely 2/2 septal hematoma
52
After MI, rupture of ventricular free wall presentation
5 days to 2 weeks after --> Acute chest pain and profound shock, w/ rapid progression to PEA and death
53
Best diagnostic test for diverticulitis
Abdominal CT (w/ oral contrast)
54
Earliest signs of serious infection in neonate
Poor feeding and decreased levels of alertness
55
Why is a head CT not needed in neonates before an LP
They do not herniate, as their open fontanelles serve to relieve intracranial pressure
56
Pertussis ppx for house w/ sick contact
Macrolide for all close contacts
57
Viral myocarditis MCC by what virus
Coxsackievirus B
58
herpes simplex keratitis characterized by
Corneal vesicles and dendritic ulcers
59
Most common nerve injury in association with mid-shaft fracture of the humerus
Radial nerve injury
60
Most reliable sign for spinal osteomyelitis
Tenderness to gentle percussion over the spinous process | *Inc ESR and Inc platelets*
61
R Ventricular MI features
Hypotension JVD Clear lung fields
62
Right MI mgmt
Avoid nitrates and diuretics, as these patients are preload dependent Bolus them
63
Most common vaccine-preventable disease among travelers
Hepatitis A
64
What should DM patients age 40-75 get regardless of baseline lipid levels
Statin
65
BCC features
Slow growing papule with pearly rolled borders
66
Two Ab for cellulite w/ systemic signs
IV nafcillin or cefazolin
67
Aspergillosis CT
Pulmonary nodules with a halo sign or lesions with an air crescent
68
Histo CXR
Hilar adenopathy and areas of pneumonitis
69
Acute angle closure glaucoma presentation
Unilateral orbitoforntal headache ass w/ n/v, unilateral hey pain w/ conjunctival injection, and dilated pupil w/ poor light response
70
Drugs that causes idiosyncratic liver injury w/ histological features similar to viral hepatitis
Isoniazid Halothane Phenytoin Alpha-methyldopa
71
pronator drift a sign of
upper motor neuron damage in UE
72
Dx for esophageal perf
Water soluble contrast esophagram
73
What is constitutional growth delay characterized by
Delayed growth spurt Delayed puberty Delayed bone age
74
Anterior shoulder dislocation can cause damage tow hat
Axillary nerve or artery
75
What is Kehr's sign
Pain radiating to the shoulder due to diaphragmatic irritation
76
Neonatal thyrotoxicosis results from? tx?
Transplacental passage of anti-TSH receptor antibodies | Tx: Methimazole + B blocker
77
All RA patients should get what
MTX early in the course to prevent joint damage
78
An adolescent with a solitary breast mass is likely
Fibroadenoma | *re-examine after menses for decrease in mass size or tenderness*
79
Why hypocalcemia from blood transfusion
Citrate in transfused blood binds ionized calcium
80
Two worst kinds of mutation
Non-sense and frameshift
81
Dx of CO poisoning
Carboxyhemoglobin level
82
One of the earliest manifestations of macular degeneration
Distortion of straight lines so they appear wavy
83
When should COPD patients get home O2
PaO2
84
Prolactin stimulated by and inhibited by what
Stimulated by serotonin and TRH and inhibited by dopamine
85
Nocardia micro
Gram+ weakly acid fast filament branching rod
86
Descending aortic dissection tx
Labetalol--> lower BP and HR, minimizing stress on the aortic wall
87
Risk factors for polyp progressing into malignancy
Villous adenoma Sessile adenoma Size > 2.5cm
88
Most common non-neoplastic polyps of the colon
Hyperplastic polyps
89
Non-vaccinated healthcare workers exposed to Hep B blood
Hep B vaccine and Hep B Ig
90
Early symptoms of CO poisoning
Typically neurologic (agitation, confusion, and somnolence)
91
Surgery for Androgen insensitivity folks
Bilateral gonadectomy after completion of puberty (e.g. after attainment of adult height)
92
Acute transplant rejection tx
IV steroids
93
AS is characterized by
Chronic inflammatory bain pain and stiffness, lumbosacral tenderness, and reduced spinal range of motion

World week 1 (17 decks)

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