5/14 Flashcards
How do people get hydatid cyts
Infection w/ echinococcus granulosos from “intimate contact with dogs”
Dysentary + RUQ pain and single cyst + Mexico
Entamoeba histolytic causing amebic liver abscess
Viral arthritis features
Symmetrical + Fever that goes away in 2 months
Can have ANA and RF +
When is arrest of labor is the first stage diagnosed
> 6cm dilation w/ ruptured membranes in the setting of no cervical change for .4 hours w/ adequate contractions OR
when no cervical change for >6 hours with inadequate contractions
What is pitocin for
Helping contraction strength
PCP cxr
Bilateral diffuse interstitial infiltrates beginning the in perihilar region
Triad of biliary cysts
- Abdominal pain
- Jaundice
- RUQ palpable mass
What is peak airway pressure the sum of
Airway resistance and plateau pressure
Plateau pressure is the sum of the elastic pressure and PEEP
Amp + Gent has good synergism for what
Gram-neg aerobes (for abdominal infections in combo w/ metronidazole)
Lambert-Eaton occurs w/ what lung Ca
Small cell
Severe bipolar episode tx
Lithium or valproate + Atypical antipsychotic
What causes bowel ischemia post AAA repair
Inadequate colonic collateral arterial perfusion to the left and sigmoid colon after loss of IMA during aortic graft placement
MCC of urinary retention in older men
Bladder outlet obstruction du eto BPH
First step in workup of thyroid nodule
TSH and thyroid US
3 suspicious US features of thyroid nodules
- Hypoechoic
- Microcalcifications
- Interval vascularity
MC brachial plexus injury in delivery
Erb-Duchennes (C5-C7)
Type of anemia Isoniazid causes
Sideroblastic
Empiric meningitis tx
Vanc + Third gen cef
What causes biliary stasis in TPN
Normal stimulus for CCK release and gallbladder contraction is absent (proteins and FA in duodenum)
Prevalence effect on PPV and NPV
Inc prevalence inc PPV and dec NPV (and opposite for dec prev effect)
Why is are the Ab in celiac disease often absent
Many celiac patients have selective IgA def
Drugs that can cause IIH
GH, Tetracyclines, and excessive vitamins A and its derivatives (isotretinoin, ATRA)
Two types of murmurs usually due to underlying pathologic cause
Diastolic and continuous
Triad of HHS
- AMS
- Volume depletion
- Polyuria
How can thiazide diuretics precipitate HHS
Reducing intravascular volume, which decreases GFR and activates counter-regulatory hormones
MCC of LE edema
Venous valvular incompetence
What are lewy bodies
Eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusions representing adulation of alpha-synuclein protein
Gluose-6-phosphatase def features
Doll like face, thin extremities, short stature, and protuberant abdomen
How does bronchiectasis present
Cough, mucopurent sputum, and hemoptysis that often responds to antibiotics
Next line for kids who pee at night when desmopressin doesn’t work
TCAs (imipramine, amitriptyline, despramine)
First abnormalities seen in a metabolically compromised fetus
Absent breathing movements and decelerations, followed by decreased body movements and fetal tone
First line tx for adolescents w/ acute abnormal bleeding
High dose estrogen
When do CF gets get pseudomonas
High chloride concentration and defective mucociliar clearance
MCC of CF related pneumonia in infants and young children
S. aureus
What usually parallels severity of CHF and is an independent predictor of poor outcome
Hyponatremia
Triad of RCC
- Flank pain
- Hematuria
- Palpable abdominal renal mass
Why varicoceles in RCC
Fail to empty when pt stands due to tumor obstruction of the gonadal vein where it enters the renal vein
What rapidly reverses warfarin
Prothrombin-complex concentrate
First line tx for OCD
SSRIs or clomipramine
What causes outflow obstruction in HCM
Septal hypertrophy and abnormal anterior motion of the mitral valve
What is elevated in B12 and folate def
Homocysteine
What suggests meningioma
Extra-axial well circumscribed dural based mass that is partially calcified on imaging
Angiodysplasia characterized by
Dilated submucosa veins and AV malformations
3 Things angiodysplasia is common with
- Advanced renal dz
- WVD
- Aortic stenosis
Osteoporosis screen
DEXA scan in all women above 65
How does CMV retinitis present
Yellowish-white patches of retinal opacification and retinal hemorrhages
Ocular toxo in AIDs pt’s typically
Severe necrotizing retinochoroiditis
How does HIV retinopathy present
Benign, cotton wool spots in the retina which remit spontaneously
3 cardinal signs of PD
Rest tremor, rigidity, and bradykinesia
Acute epididymitis in older male likely
Gram neg rods (E. coli)
Usually STDs in younger males
Hallmark of ichthyosis
Dry and rough skin with horny plates over the extensor surfaces of the limbs
What is tick borne paralysis characterized by
Rapidly ascending paralysis, no fever or sensory abnormalities, and normal CSF exam
What is postcholecystecomy syndrome
Persistant abdominal pain or dyspepsia months to years after
US followed by ERCP
what causes hypotension after an epidural
Blood redistribution to the lower extremities and venous pooling from sympathetic blockade
Features of low back pain suggesting an inflammatory cuase
Gradual onset of pain
Onset at age
Complications of cryptorchidism
- Inguinal hernia
- Testicular torsion
- Subfertility
- Testicular cancer
(surgery decreases the risk of the last two but doesn’t eliminate)
Obesity hypoventilation syndrome dx criteria
- BMI > 30
- Awake daytime PaCO2 > 45
- No alternate cause of hypoventilation
Drug for intermittent claudication
Cilostazol
Post seizure anion gap result of?
Transient elevation in lactic acid
What is considered in hepatic hydrothorax refractory to diureticcs
TIPS
Hypokalemia EKG
- U waves
- Flat and broad T waves
- Premature ventricular beats
What is a hordeolum
Abscess located over the upper eyelid
What is a chalazion
Chronic granulomatous inflammation of the meibomian gland that appears as a hard, painless lid nodule
What causes pancytopenia in Lupus
Peripheral immune mediated destruction of all 3 cell lines
How do anticholinergic meds cause urinary retention
Failure of detrusor contraction
What causes primary dysmenorrhea
Increased prostaglandins release from endometrial sloughing during menses
Indicators of severe asthma attack
Normalizing Pco2
Speech difficulty
Diaphoresis
Altered sensorium, cyanosis, and silent lungs
Why won’t atropine inc HR in a patient that is brain dead
Vagal control of the heart is lost
What may still be functioning in brain death
Spinal cord –> may be able to see DTRs
What does flattening of the diaphragm do
Increase work of breathing
How do psoas abscesses commonly present
Sub acutely w/ fever and lower abdominal flank pain radiating to the groin
What arrhythmia does digitalis cause
Atrial tachycardia with AV block (from increased ectopy and increased vagal tone combining)
Hypoalbuminemia effect on calcium
Calcium decreases by 0.8 for every 1 dec in Albumin
Most common malignancy of the lower lip
Squamous cell
Basal is upper lip
