4th YearNeurology and Dermatology

Question 1

what is seborrheic dermatitis

Answer 1

inflammation of the sebaceous glands so affects the scalp, nasolabial folds and eyebrows

cradle cap in children

Question 2

management of cradle cap (seborrheic dermatitis)

Answer 2

baby oil
petroleum jelly
topical antifungal (clotrimazole)
ketoconazole shampoo
topical steroids if needed

Question 3

investigations in any seizure?

Answer 3

WPW

if head injury - CT

Question 4

febrile convulsions

Answer 4

high temperature > seizure

if >5 minutes call ambulance (parents given BZDs)

Question 5

management of any febrile child

Answer 5

urine dipstick
septic screen
CXR
prophylactic antibiotics

Question 6

two tests for meningeal irritation

Answer 6

Kernig’s

Brudzinski’s

Question 7

what is Kernig’s test?

Answer 7

flexion of hip and knee causes spinal pain with resistance to movement

Question 8

what is Brudzinski’s sign

Answer 8

flexion of chin causes involuntary flexion of hips and knees

Question 9

management of meningitis

Answer 9

ceftriaxone
neonates= benzylpenicillin + gent or cefotaxime + amox
dexamethasone reduces rates of hearing impairment

Question 10

prophylaxis of meningitis

Answer 10

rifampicin of single IM ceftriaxone

Question 11

management of acute seizure pathway

Answer 11

IV lorazepam (or buccal midazopam or rectal diazepam)
IV phenytoin or phenobarboitol or levetiracetam

Question 12

what is Sandiffer syndrome?

Answer 12

GORD + seizures

Question 13

triad in HSP

Answer 13

purpura (thighs, buttocks)
arthritis
abdominal pain

Question 14

management of HSP

Answer 14

supportive
steroids can help with abdominal pain
most resolve within 1 month

Question 15

management of migraine in children

Answer 15

paracetamol
ibuprofen
sumatriptan
antiemetics
prophylaxis= propranolol, pizotifen or topiramate (teratogenic)

Question 16

presentation of West syndrome

Answer 16

flexion of limbs, trunk and head followed by extension of arms (Salaam attacks)

Question 17

management of west syndrome

Answer 17

prednisolone and vigabatrin

Question 18

types of cerebral palsy

Answer 18

1. spastic
2. dystonic
3. ataxic

Question 19

presentation of tuberous sclerosis

Answer 19

AD with developmental delay, seizures (infantile spasms), learning and behavioural difficulties

Question 20

what is ataxia telangiectasia?

Answer 20

neurodegenerative AR disorder on chromosome 11 of DNA repair affecting the cerebellum and thymus

Question 21

presentation of ataxia telangiectasia

Answer 21

poor coordination
telangiectasia
recurrent infections
ALL association

Question 22

diagnosis of ataxia telangiectasia

Answer 22

elevated AFP

white blood cell chromosome fragility

Question 23

what is Friedreich’s ataxia?

Answer 23

progression ataxia by AR GAA triplet repeat expansion mutation on Frataxin gene on chromosome 9