4th Year Endocrine Flashcards
what is Ricket’s?
deficiency of vitamin D leading to under-mineralised bones
presentation of Ricket’s
swollen wrists
costochondral joints
bow legs
diagnosis of ricket’s?
bloods= raised ALP, low Ca, low phosphate
low vitamin D
wrist XR
management of Ricket’s
vitamin D supplements
presentation of congenital hypothyroidism
jaundice
diagnosis of congenital hypothyroidism
new-born screening
presentation of CAH in males
AR salt wasting crisis with hyponatraemia, hyperkalaemia and metabolic acidosis
management of Klinefelter’s?
testosterone injections
IVF
breast reduction surgery
what is a cystic hygroma?
malformation of lymphatic system that results in a cyst filled with lymphatic fluid
where does a cystic hygroma present?
posterior triangle of the neck usually on left soft non-tender transilluminate can become infected
management of cystic hygroma
watch and wait aspiration surgical removal sclerotherapy do not resolve spontaneously
where does a thyroglossal cyst present?
midline of the neck, soft, non-tender, mobile and fluctuant, move with the tongue
what is a branchial cyst?
congenital abnormality arising when 2nd brachial cleft fails to form leaving a space in the lateral neck that can fill with fluid
where do branchial cysts present?
angle of the jaw and sternocleidomastoid in anterior triangle
transilluminate
