Global Health

Question 1

what are the top 5 causes of mortality <5 worldwide?

Answer 1

preterm birth complications
pneumonia
intrapartum-related complications
congenital abnormalities
diarrhoea

in Africa it also includes malaria

Question 2

simple measures for new-borns

Answer 2

vaccines/treat maternal infections
steroids
skilled attendants
antibiotics

Question 3

what is most diarrhoea caused by?

Answer 3

faeces-contaminated water (E. coli and rotavirus)

Question 4

management of diarrhoea

Answer 4

ORS (relies on Na+/glucose co-transporter which drags water)
zinc supplements

Question 5

when can HIV be transmitted to the child?

Answer 5

pregnancy
delivery
breast feeding

Question 6

prevention of HIV

Answer 6

maternal antiretroviral treatment
screen for other STDs especially herpes
infant prophylaxis

Question 7

management of infant that has TB and HIV

Answer 7

start TB management first as risks IRIS

Question 8

what do the most severe forms of malaria cause?

Answer 8

cerebral malaria
seizures
coma as it can cross the BBB

Question 9

diagnosis of malaria

Answer 9

blood film for microscopy (anaemia due to destruction of RBCs and hypoglycaemia)

Question 10

management of malaria

Answer 10

ACT for 3 days, if severe artesunate

Question 11

malnutrition findings on examination

Answer 11

mid-arm circumference <115mm

weight for height

Question 12

management of kwashiorkor and marasmus

Answer 12

10% glucose
feeding every 2 hours
hypothermia management
rehydrate slowly with oral or NG tube methods

Question 13

when should IV rehydration be used?

Answer 13

shock