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Human Anatomy > 4a. Skeletal System :( > Flashcards

4a. Skeletal System :( Flashcards

1
Q

What is the name of the outer layer of the bone?

A

Periosteum

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2
Q

What is the inside of the bone called?

A
  • Trabecular (pl. trabeculae)
  • Bone marrow
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3
Q

What is the head of the long bone called?

A

Epiphysis

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4
Q

What consist largely of spongy bone (cancellous or trabecular bone)?

A

Epiphysis

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5
Q

What is the name of the shaft of a long bone?

A

Diaphysis

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6
Q

What is the region of a long bone between epiphysis and diaphysis called?

A

Metaphysis

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7
Q

What are the 5 functions of the bone?

A

Support
Storage of minerals and lipids
Blood cell production
Protection
Leverage

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8
Q

What are the 6 classifications of bones?

A

Sutural bones
Irregular bones
Short bones
Flat bones
Long bones
Sesamoid bones

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9
Q

How many bones are in the skull?
How many sections does the skull have?

A

22 bones
2 sections

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10
Q

How many bones are in the cranium?

A

8 bones

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11
Q

How many bones are in the face?

A

14 bones

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12
Q

What are the ear ossicles in the skull? (* test question)

A

2 Malleus
2 Incus
2 Stapes

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13
Q

Where is the frontal bone located?

A

Anterior to parietal bones

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14
Q

What are the surfaces of the frontal bone?

A

Vertical: forehead
Horizontal: Anterior portion of the crown

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15
Q

What parts of the frontal bone must we remember?

A

Frontal eminences (where forehead headache is)
Supraciliary arches (eyebrow bone)
Supraorbital margins (above eye socket opening)
Glabella (in between eyebrows)
Frontal sinuses (portion above middle of eyebrows)

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16
Q

What does glabella mean?

A

Flat, without hair

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17
Q

Where is the location of the Occipital bone?

A

Most posterior cranial bone

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18
Q

What parts of the occipital bone must we remember?

A

Foramen magnum
Occipital protuberance (2) (one on the outside; bump in the back, one on inside)
Occipital condyles (2) (towards foramen magnum)

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19
Q

What does condyle mean?

A

Doorknob

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20
Q

How many parietal bones do we have?

A

2

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21
Q

What is the location of the parietal bones?

A

Posterior to frontal bone
Anterior to occipital bone
Superior to temporal and sphenoid bones

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22
Q

Where are the parietal eminences located?

A

Anatomically in regard to the ear

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23
Q

True or False:
Parietal eminences are the widest part of the cranium

A

True

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24
Q

How many temporal bones do we have?

A

2

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25
Q

What bone shows the passing of time?

A

Temporal

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26
Q

Where is the location of the temporal bones?

A

Inferior to parietal bone
Anterior to occipital of bone

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27
Q

What does squamous mean?

A

Area that looks like scales on a fish

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28
Q

Where is the petrous portion located?

A

Temporal bone

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29
Q

What ear ossicles are located in the petrous portion of the temporal bones?

A

Malleus (2)
Incus (2)
Stapes (2)

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30
Q

What is the carotid canal? Where is it located?

A

The internal carotid artery
Located in the petrous portion of the temporal bone

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31
Q

What does the mastoid process look like?

A

The teeter where cows get milked

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32
Q

Where is the location of the mastoid process?

A

Base of the skull; below and behind the ear

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33
Q

What is the significance of the mastoid process?

A

Earlobe
Sternocleidomastoid muscle

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34
Q

What is the mandibular (glenoid) fossa?

A

Depression in the temporal bone that articulates with the condyle of the mandible

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35
Q

What is the scientific term for the ear hole / opening?

A

Eternal auditory meatus
Eternal auditory canal

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36
Q

What is the passageway that leads from the outside of the head to the tympanic membrane, or eardrum membrane, of each ear

A

External auditory meatus

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37
Q

Long, arched process projecting from the anterior part of the temporal squamous part

A

Zygomatic process

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38
Q

What is the bridge that connects temporal bone to zygomatic bone?

A

zygomatic process

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39
Q

“Zygomatic process of the _________ and the temporal process of the _________”

A

Temporal bone
Zygomatic bone

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40
Q

Where is the location of the zygomatic arches?

A

Connection of both zygomatic process of temporal bone and temporal process of zygomatic bone

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41
Q

What is the significance of the zygomatic arches?

A

Widest part of the face

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42
Q

True or False:

Ethmoid bone is a lateral plate

A

False
It’s a horizontal plate

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43
Q

What forms the roof of the nasal cavity?

A

Ethmoid bone

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44
Q

What closes the anterior part of the base of the cranium?

A

Ethmoid bone

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45
Q

A portion of the ethmoid bone located at the base of the skull

A

Cribriform plate

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46
Q

What does the cribriform plate support?

A

The olfactory bulb

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47
Q

What does the cribriform plate allow?

A

The passage of the olfactory nerves to the roof of the nasal cavity

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48
Q

What is the Crista galli named after?

A

The cresta de gallo (rooster mohawk)

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49
Q

A thick, midline, smooth triangular process arising from the superior surface of the ethmoid bone?

A

Crista galli

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50
Q

What does the Crista galli project into?

A

The anterior cranial fossa

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51
Q

What does the Crista galli separate?

A

The olfactory bulbs

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52
Q

A thin flattened lamina, polygonal in form

A

Perpendicular Plate (of the Ethmoid Bone)

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53
Q

What descends under the cribriform plate?

A

Perpendicular Plate

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54
Q

What does the Perpendicular Plate (of the Ethmoid Bone) assist in?

A

Forming the septum of the nose

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55
Q

Where are the Ethmoid sinuses situated?

A

Between orbits and nose

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56
Q

How are the Ethmoid Sinuses divided?

A

Into Anterior and Posterior

57
Q

How many sphenoid bones do we have?

A

One

58
Q

What bone is right after Ethmoid Bone?

A

Sphenoid Bone

59
Q

What does the Sphenoid bone look like?

A

Bat
Moth

60
Q

Where is the sphenoid bone located?

A

Anterior part of the base of the skull
Binds the other cranial bones together

61
Q

What is the Sella tucica?

A

The part of the sphenoid bone that looks like a saddle

62
Q

Where is the Sella tucica located?

A

At the base of the brain

63
Q

What does the Sella tucica house?

A

The pituitary gland
(Hypophyseal fossa)

64
Q

Why does the Sphenoid have many Sphenoid sinuses?

A

Because it makes the skull a little lighter

65
Q

Filled sacs (empty spaces) on either side of the nasal cavity

A

Sphenoid sinuses

66
Q

What do Sphenoid sinuses do?

A

Filter and clean the air breathed through the nose

67
Q

Carry nerves and blood vessels of head and neck

A

Sphenoid foramena

68
Q

What are the parts of the Sphenoid? (Know where they are)

A

Lesser wings
Body
Greater wings
Pterygoid process

69
Q

What supports the soft tissue of the face?

A

Facial Skeleton (Viscerocranium)

70
Q

How many nasal bones are there?

A

2

71
Q

What is the location of the nasal bones?

A

Directly inferior to the glabella

72
Q

What forms a dome (bridge) over the superior portion of the nasal cavity?

A

Nasal Bones

73
Q

What’s the significance of the nasal bones?

A

This area is used as a hidden injection point for tissue building the face

74
Q

How many lacrimal bones are there?

A

2

75
Q

Where are the lacrimal bones located?

A

Where the tear ducts are

76
Q

What’s the 3 significance of the lacrimal bones?

A
  • A paired facial bone located in the medial wall of the orbit
  • Supports the structures of the lacrimal apparatus
  • Attachment for the orbicularis oculi muscle
77
Q

How many Zygomatic (Malar) Bones are there?

A

2

78
Q

What is the location of the Zygomatic bones?

A

Frontal and lateral planes of the face
Form interior and lateral surfaces of orbital cavity

79
Q

What is the significance of the zygomatic bones?

A

Widest part of the anterior plane of the face
Acts as an area for blush cosmetics

80
Q

How many Maxillae bones do we have?

A

2

81
Q

Which bone is this:

  • Bones of upper jaw
  • Form most of the superior portion of the face
  • Anterior root of the mouth
  • Sides and floor of the nasal cavity
  • Floor of the orbits
A

Maxillae

82
Q

What are the 3 eminences of the maxillae?

A

Frontal processes of the maxilla
Nasal spine of the maxilla (right under nose)
Alveolar processes (openings for teeth)

83
Q

How many palatine bones do we have?

A

2

84
Q

A paired bone located between the maxillae and pterygoid process of the sphenoid bone

A

Palatine bones

85
Q

What makes up a portion of the nasal cavity and palate?

A

Palatine bones

86
Q

How many Vomer bones do we have?

A

1

87
Q

One of the unpaired facial bones of the skull

A

Vomer bone

88
Q

What forms the lower part of the nasal septum?

A

Vomer bone

89
Q

What line is the vomer bone located?

A

In the midsagittal

90
Q

What does the vomer bone articulate with?

A

The sphenoid, ethmoid, the left and right palatine bones, and the left and right maxillary bones

91
Q

How many Inferior nasal conchae do we have?

A

2

92
Q

What is the significance of the Inferior Nasal Conchae?

A

(Also known as the turbinates) are bony plates located on the lateral wall of the nasal cavity

93
Q

What warms and humidifies air as it passes to the lungs?

A

Inferior Nasal Conchae

94
Q

How many mandible bones do we have?

A

1

95
Q

What is the strongest bone of the lower part of the face?

A

Mandible

96
Q

What is the location of the mandible bone?

A

Inferior to the maxilla

97
Q

What are the Divisions of the body? (And their subdivisions)?

A

Body of the mandible
- Mental eminences
- Alveolar processes
- Incisive fossa

Ramus (2)
- Coronoid process
- Mandibular condyle
- Mandibular notch

Angle of the mandible

98
Q

What are the 4 cranial sutures that are fibrous joints that connect the bones of the skull?

A

Coronal
Sagittal
Lambdoid
Squamous

99
Q

What suture fuses the frontal bone with the 2 parietal bones?

A

Coronal suture

100
Q

What suture fuses both parietal bones to each other?

A

Sagittal suture

101
Q

What suture fuses the occipital bone to the two parietal bones?

A

Lambdoid suture

102
Q

What suture connects the temporal squama with the lower border of the parietal bone

A

Squamous suture

103
Q

How many hyoid bones do we have?

A

1

104
Q

Where is the hyoid bone situated?

A

At the root of the tongue; in the front of the neck and between the lower jaw and the largest cartilage of the larynx (voice box)

105
Q

What does the hyoid bone support?

A

The larynx (voice box)

106
Q

What are the vertebral column regions?

A

Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Sacral
Coccygeal

107
Q

How many cervical bones do we have?

A

7

108
Q

True or false:

The cervical vertebrae lacks body or has tiny body

A

True

109
Q

How many thoracic bones do we have?

A

12

110
Q

Which vertebrae column region is this:

Medium body
Extended spine (posterior and inferior)
Protects viscera

A

Thoracic

111
Q

Which vertebrae column region is this:

Bigger body
Shorter spine than thoracic
Protects everything above, helps stand
Strong foundation

A

Lumbar

112
Q

How many lumbar bones do we have?

A

5

113
Q

What are the parts of the Cervical Vertebrae? (Learn where they are on the bone)

A

Vertebral body
Vertebral arch
Articular processes (superior to transverse foramen)
Spine (2 little horns)
Transverse foramen (2 little openings on the sides)

114
Q

What’s another name for the C1?

A

Atlas

115
Q

What is this:

  • Holds up the head
  • Articulates with the occipital condyles of the skull
  • Lacks body; has 2 arches
  • Lacks spine process
  • Large vertebral foramen
A

Atlas

116
Q

What’s another name for C2?

A

Axis

117
Q

What is this:

  • Odontoid process goes into the arch of the atlas, to help support head
  • No transverse foramen
  • Has body
  • Small spine
A

Axis

118
Q

What’s another word for C7?

A

Vertebra Prominens

119
Q

What are the main characteristics of the Thoracic Vertebrae?

A

Heart shaped body
Vertebral foramen is smaller than in the cervical vertebrae
Spinous process projects posteriorly and inferiorly
Transverse processes (2 outer wings)

120
Q

What are the main characteristics of the Lumbar Vertebrae?

A

Largest vertebrae
Thicker body
Oval shaped body
Lack of costal facets
Spinous processes project dorsally
The slender transverse processes project dorsolaterally

121
Q

What is a triangular bone just below the lumbar vertebrae?

A

Sacrum

122
Q

What has five segments fused together into one large bone?

A

Sacrum

123
Q

What is the sacrum the origin of?

A

The latissimus dorsi

124
Q

What are the parts of the sacrum?

A

Sacral canal (the opening at the bottom)
Median sacral crest (in middle)
Sacral cornua (2 horns at top)
Sacral hiatus
Sacral foramina (openings at sides)
Lateral sacral crest
Auricular surface
Sacral tuberosity

125
Q

What bone is the fusion of 4 vertebrae (sometimes 3-5)?

A

Coccyx

126
Q

Full ossification of the distal coccygeal vertebrae occurs at around what age?

A

26

127
Q

In old people, the coccyx fuses with what?

A

The Sacrum

128
Q

What are the 3 important parts of the Coccyx?

A

Coccygeal cornua (horns at top)
Transverse Processes (2 sides that poke out)
Apex (pointy part at bottom)

129
Q

What type of bone is the sternum?

A

Flat bone

130
Q

What forms the anterior midline of the thoracic wall?

A

Sternum

131
Q

What are the important parts of the Sternum? (Know where they are)

A

Manubrium
Jugular notch
Body
Xiphoid process

132
Q

What is the name of ribs 1-7? (total of 14 bones)

A

True ribs

133
Q

What is the origin and termination of the True ribs?

A

Origin - vertebrae
Termination - Sternum

134
Q

What is the name of ribs 8-12? (total of 10 bones)

A

False

135
Q

Why are the false ribs 8-10 called Vertebrochondral?

A

They connect through cartilage but origin is still vertebrae
Insert to rib above

136
Q

Why are false ribs 11-12 labeled as floating or verebral?

A

The origin is vertebrae but that’s it, they float instead of connect somewhere

137
Q

True or False:

Ribs are long, curved, flattened bones

A

True

138
Q

Where do the ribs originate? And where do they end?

A

Originate on or between thoracic vertebrae
End in the wall of the thoracic cavity

Human Anatomy (13 decks)

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