Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Human Anatomy > 09. Digestive System > Flashcards

09. Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

What is included in the alimentary canal?

A

Mouth (Oral or Buccal cavity)
Pharynx
Esophagus
Stomach
Small Intestine
Large Intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are some accessory organs?

A

Teeth
Tongue
Salivary Glands
Liver
Gallbladder
Pancreas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the mouth formed by?

A

Cheeks
Lips (labia)
Hard palate
Soft palate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does the mouth receive?

A

Food and saliva

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does the mouth initiate?

A

Digestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is this:

  • Accessory organs
  • Cutting and shearing food
  • Secured in sockets (alveoli) of maxillary and mandibular bones
A

Teeth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is this:

  • Accessory organ of digestion
  • Manipulates food
  • Assists in deglution
  • Senses the taste of food
A

Tongue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is this:

  • Accessory organs of digestion
  • 3 paired glands
A

Salivary glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which salivary gland is this: Stensen’s duct
(Biggest size)

A

Parotid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which salivary gland is this: Wharton’s duct (medium size)

A

Submandibular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which salivary gland is this: Rivinus’ duct (smallest)

A

Sublingal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the functions of Salivary Glands?

A
  • Secretion of saliva (1,000-1,500 ml/day)
  • Cleansing teeth
  • Facilitate swallowing
  • Initialing digestion
  • Formation of bolus
  • Dissolve food chemicals
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the location of the pharynx?

A

From nose to the top of esophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the structure of the pharynx?

A

Throat
Made of muscles
Lined with mucous membranes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What structure has air only?

A

Nasopharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What structure has the passage of food and air?

A

Oropharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What structure has the food passage and air?

A

Laryngopharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the common passageway for food, liquids, and air?

A

Pharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Pharyngeal constrictors
push the bolus toward the what?

A

Esophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What initiates the swallowing process?

A

Pharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The esophagus is from the what to the what?

A

pharynx (c6)
stomach (t7)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the structure of the esophagus?

A
  • Fibromuscular tubular portion
    of digestive tract
  • 25 cm (1 ft) long
  • 2 cm (0.75 in.) diameter
23
Q

What are the layers of the esophagus? (from middle inner to outer)

A
  • Mucosa
  • Submucosa
  • Muscularis
  • Adventitia
24
Q

What are the functions of the esophagus?

A
  • Transport food and liquids entering
    the mouth through the throat and into the stomach.
  • Prevents reflux of gastric contents into esophagus.
25
Q

What are characteristics of the stomach?

A
  • Pouchlike digestive organ
  • Between esophagus and duodenum
  • In the upper left quadrant of abdominal cavity
  • Immediately below diaphragm
26
Q

What are the important parts of the stomach?

A
  • J-shaped (T7-L3)
  • Cardiac sphincter (meaning it’s close to the heart)
  • Fundus
  • Body
  • Lesser curvature
  • Greater curvature
  • Pylorus
  • Pyloric sphincter
27
Q

What are the layers of the stomach?

A
  • Mucosa (inside and lubricated)
  • Submucosa
  • Muscularis
  • Serosa (aka adventitia)
  • Rugae (helps stomach stretch) (arrugas - wrinkles)
28
Q

What are the functions of the stomach?

A
  • Aid digestion
    food absorption
    protein and fat digestion
  • Reservoir
  • Acid secretion
  • Enzyme secretion
  • Gastrointestinal motility
29
Q

What is this:

  • Occupies all abdominal regions except the left hypochondriac and epigastric regions
  • Average 6m (20ft) in length
  • Diameter:
    4cm (1.6in) at the stomach
    2.5cm (1in) at the junction with large intestine
A

Small intestine

30
Q

What are the structures of the small intestine? **

A

Duodenum (beginning of small intestine) (looks like a c) (inside is the pancreas)

Jejunum (the portion that goes all over the cavity)

Ileum (iliac crest is where it rests, right at the tip)

31
Q

What is this:

  • C‐shaped
  • Shortest and widest segment
  • 25 cm (10 in.)
  • Anterior to right kidney
  • Anterior to upper three lumbar vertebrae.
  • Mixing bowl
  • Receives chyme from stomach and digestive
    secretions from pancreas and liver.
A

Duodenum

32
Q

What is this:

  • Chemical and mechanical breakdown
    of chyme.
  • Absorption of nutrients
  • Transports of undigested material to
    large intestine.
  • About 2.5 m (8 ft) in length.
  • Suspended from posterior wall of
    peritoneum—mesentery.
A

Jejunum

33
Q

What is this:

  • The immune sensors of the intestine.
  • Form circular or oval patches.
  • Largest and most numerous in the ileum.
  • Fight against infections in ileum.
A

Peyer’s Patches

34
Q

What are the functions of the small intestine?

A

Plays primary role in digestion and absorption of nutrients

35
Q

What is this:

  • Horseshoe‐shaped
  • Begins at the end of the ileum and ends
    at the anus
  • Inferior to the stomach and liver
  • Almost completely frames small intestine
A

Large Intestine

36
Q

How big is the large intestine?

A
  • 1.5 m (5 ft) length
  • 7.5 cm (3 in) width
37
Q

What three parts is the large intestine divided into?

A
  • Cecum
  • Colon
  • Rectum
38
Q

What is this:

  • First portion of large intestine, appears as a pouch
  • Collects and stores material arriving from ileum
  • Begins compaction.
A

Cecum

39
Q

What is this:

  • Approximately 9 cm (3.5 in).
  • Size and shape are variable.
  • Functions as part of the
    lymphatic system.
A

Vermiform Appendix

40
Q

What is this:

  • Last 15 cm (6 in) of
    digestive tract.
  • Expandable organ for
    temporary storage of
    fecal material.
A

Rectum

41
Q

What is this:

  • Last portion of rectum.
  • Contains small longitudinal
    folds—anal columns.
  • Ends at anus.
A

Anal Canal

42
Q

What are the functions of the Large Intestine?

A
  • Reabsorption of water and electrolytes
  • Compaction of intestinal contents into feces
  • Absorption of important vitamins produced
    by bacterial action
  • Storing of fecal material before defecation
43
Q

Where is the liver located?

A
  • Right hypochondriac region
  • Epigastric region
44
Q

What is the liver structure?

A
  • Largest visceral organ
  • Reddish‐brown organ
  • Very soft and flaccid
  • Largest gland of body
  • Weights 1.5 kg (3.3 lbs)
45
Q

What is this:

  • Fibrous structure
  • Connects the anterior part of the liver to the ventral wall of the abdomen.
A

Falciform ligament

46
Q

What marks the path of the fetal umbilical vein?

A

Round ligament (Ligamentum teres)

47
Q

What are the functions of the liver?

A
  • More than 200 different functions.
  • Production of bile
    (One liter per day)
  • Detoxification
    (Extract absorbed nutrients or toxins from blood.)
48
Q

Where is the gallbladder located?

A
  • Right side of the abdomen
  • Beneath the liver
    In the visceral surface of the right lobe of the liver.
49
Q

What is the Gallbladder structure?

A
  • About 1 inch wide and 3 inches long.
  • Hollow, pear‐shaped muscular organ.
  • Three regions
    * Fundus
    * Body
    * Neck
50
Q

What is the gallbladder function?

A
  • Bile storage
    - Liquid produced by liver to help digest fat.
  • Bile release
  • Bile flow regulation
  • Bile pH regulation
51
Q

What is this:

  • Left hepatic duct
  • Right hepatic duct
  • Common hepatic bile duct
  • Cystic duct (from gallbladder)
  • Hepato‐pancreatic duct
A

Biliary tract (system)

52
Q

What is the function of the Biliary tract?

A

Drains bile into duodenum
(Ampulla of Vater)

53
Q

Abdominal gland with a digestive (exocrine) and
hormonal (endocrine) function

A

Pancreas

54
Q

What is this:

  • Group of cell in the pancreas.
  • Make hormone insulin
A

Pancreatic islets (Islets of Langerhans)

Human Anatomy (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions