06. Nervous System (Neurology) Flashcards
What are the divisions of the brain (encephalon)?
- Cerebrum
- Cerebellum
- Pons
- Medulla oblongata
- Diencephalon
- Midbrain
What is the function of the medulla oblongata?
To control fine motor movements, posture, balance and coordination
To control voluntary movements and help with memory & speech
To store and release hormones produced by the hypothalamus
To receive and process auditory and visual information
TO CONTROL BREATHING, BLOOD PRESSURE, AND HEART RATE
What is this:
- The Largest part of the brain.
- Consists of two hemispheres.
> Hemispheres united by three commissures.
*Corpus callosum
*Anterior hippocampal commissure
*Posterior hippocampal commissure
Cerebrum
What is this:
- Inferior‐posterior part of the brain.
- Maintains balance.
- Coordinates movement of muscles.
- Coordinates eye movements.
- Motor learning that requires practice
Cerebellum (little brain)
What brings sensory and motor information to and from the cerebellum?
Arbor vitae (tree of life)
What is the structure that connects the cerebrum of the brain to the spinal cord and cerebellum?
Brain stem
A communicating network of cavities filled with
cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
Cerebral ventricles
The __________ produce
cerebrospinal fluid to protect and maintain the central nervous system (CNS
Cerebral ventricles
How many cerebral ventricles do we have? Where are they?
4
- Two lateral ventricles
- One in each cerebral hemisphere. - Third ventricle
- Between the right and left thalamus. - Fourth ventricle
- At the junction between the pons and medulla oblongata
Three membrane layers
that cover and protect the
brain and spinal cord
Meninges
What are the 3 parts of the meninges?
Dura mater
Arachnoid
Pia mater
The _________________ consists of the
nerves that branch out from the brain and
spinal cords.
These nerves form the communication network
between the Central Nervous System (CNS) and the body parts.
peripheral nervous system
What does the somatic nervous system entail?
Voluntary movement
What does the autonomic nervous system entail?
- Involuntary (Internal organs)
- Automatic processes
* Digestion
* Heartbeat
What is this:
- Originate in the brain.
- Terminate mostly in organs in the head or upper body.
- Twelve pairs (I‐XII)
Cranial nerve
What is cranial nerve number I?
Olfactory
What does cranial nerve I deal with?
Smell
What is cranial nerve number II?
Optic
What does cranial nerve II deal with?
Visual acuity and field
What is cranial nerve number III?
Oculomotor
What does cranial nerve III deal with?
Eye Movement
Pupil size and reactivity
Eyelid movement
What is cranial nerve IV?
Trochlear
What does cranial nerve IV deal with?
Eye movement; down and laterally
What is cranial nerve V?
Trigeminal
What does cranial nerve V deal with?
Chewing
Facial sensation
What is cranial nerve VI?
Abducens
What does cranial nerve VI deal with?
Eye movement laterally
What is cranial nerve VII?
Facial
What does cranial nerve VII deal with
Facial expressions
What is cranial nerve VIII?
Vestibulocochlear
What does cranial nerve VIII deal with?
Hearing
Balance
What is cranial nerve IX?
Glossopharyngeal
What does cranial nerve IX deal with?
Gagging
Swallowing
What is cranial nerve X?
Vagus
What does cranial nerve X deal with?
Pharynx and larynx sensation and swallowing
What is cranial nerve XI?
Spinal Accessory
What does cranial nerve XI deal with?
Shoulder shrugging
Head rotation
What is cranial nerve XII?
Hypoglossal
What does cranial nerve XII deal with?
Tongue movement
Speech
What is this:
- Originate in the spinal cord.
- Extend to parts of the body below the head
Spinal nerves
How many pairs of spinal nerves do we have?
31 pairs
- C1‐C8
- T1‐T12
- L1‐L5
- S1‐S5
- Coc1
