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Human Anatomy > 1. Introduction and Orientation > Flashcards

1. Introduction and Orientation Flashcards

1
Q

What are the subdivisions of Anatomy?

A

Cytology
Histology
Gross Anatomy
Systemic Anatomy
Regional (Topographical) Anatomy
Pathological Anatomy

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2
Q

Involves examining cells from bodily tissues or fluids to determine a diagnosis

A

Cytology

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3
Q

The microscopic study of tissues and organs through sectioning, staining, and examining those sections under a microscope

A

Histology

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4
Q

Deals with the structures of the body that are visible to the naked eye by means of cadaveric dissections

A

Gross Anatomy

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5
Q

Subdivides the body into organ systems that work together towards a common goal or function

Examples: integumentary, digestive, skeletal, muscular

A

Systemic Anatomy

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6
Q

The study of anatomy based on regions or divisions of the body, emphasizing the relations between various structures (muscles, nerves, and arteries) in that region
A part (section) of a system

A

Regional (Topographical) Anatomy

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7
Q

A branch of pathology and medicine that deals with the diagnosis of diseases based on the macroscopic examination of surgical and microscopic parts for the examination of cells and tissues

A

Pathological Anatomy

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8
Q

What is Anatomical Position?

A

Body is erect
Upper limbs hand at the side
Palms facing forward
Fingers extended
Feet flat on the floor
Face straight ahead

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9
Q

What is Anterior (Ventral)?

A

Towards the front
Before or in front of
Direction which denotes the front or forward part

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10
Q

What is Posterior (Dorsal)?

A

Towards the back
Behind
Position of direction towards the back

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11
Q

What is Superior (Cranial/Cephalad)?

A

Anatomically towards the head
More elevated in place or position

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12
Q

What is Inferior (Caudal)?

A

Beneath
Lower in place or position
Undersurface of an organ
Indicating a structure below another structure
Towards feet

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13
Q

What is Medial?

A

Nearer to the midline
Closer to the median place
Opposite of lateral position

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14
Q

What is lateral?

A

Away from the middle of body
A position or direction away from the midline
Toward the sides

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15
Q

What is the difference between Unilateral and Bilateral?

A

Unilateral is one side whereas bilateral is 2 sides

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16
Q

What is the difference between Ipsilateral and Contralateral?

A

Ipsilateral is both on the same side of the body
Contralateral is both on the opposite sides of the body

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17
Q

What is Proximal?

A

Closer to the trunk
Nearest point of attachment
Closer to the center of the body

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18
Q

What is Distal?

A

Further from the attachment (trunk)

19
Q

What is internal?

A

A directional term that means inside or closer to the center of an organ or cavity

20
Q

What is external?

A

A directional term that means outside or further from the center of an organ or cavity

21
Q

What is Parietal?

A

Forming the wall of a cavity
The outside of the wall

22
Q

What is Visceral?

A

The inside of the wall, in contact with the organ that needs protection
Pertaining to the internal organs contained within a cavity

23
Q

What is Peripheral?

A

Pertaining to the outer surface of the body or body part
Located away from the center

24
Q

How many cranial nerves do we have?

A

12

25
Q

What is central?

A

Situated at or pertaining to a center or central point
Starting point is the spinal cord

26
Q

What is superficial?

A

Closer to the surface

Example: The skin is superficial to the bones
The Ribs are superficial to the heart

27
Q

What is deep?

A

Below the surface
Towards the central part of a structure

Example: Lungs are deep to the ribs
Ribs are deep to the skin

28
Q

What is Mid Sagittal (Median)?

A

An imaginary vertical line
Divides the body equally (right down the middle)

29
Q

What does sagittal mean?

A

Greek
Arrow
Cut down the line

30
Q

What is the Sagittal plane?

A

Divides the body and its parts into right and left portions

31
Q

What is Para Sagittal?

A

The left and right portions of the divided line are unequal

32
Q

What is Transverse (Horizontal) Plane?

A

An imaginary plane that divides the body into superior (top) and inferior (bottom) sections
Perpendicular to the coronal place and sagittal plane

33
Q

What is the Frontal (Coronal) Plane?

A

Divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) sections

34
Q

What is the Oblique plane?

A

Slanting, Inclination
Neither perpendicular or parallel
The body is divided in a diagonal (45 degree) angle

35
Q

What are the Levels of Structural Organization?

A

Cell
Tissue
Organ
System

36
Q

What is a cell?

A

The smallest, basic unit of life that is responsible for all of life’s processes

37
Q

True or False:
A cell can replicate itself independently

A

True

38
Q

What are the 4 basic types of tissues?

A

Epithelial
Nervous
Muscle
Connective

39
Q

What is an organ? What do they do?

A

Made of 2+ tissues
Works together to perform specific functions

40
Q

What is a system?

A

A group of organs interacting to perform a particular function

41
Q

What is Bilateral Symmetry?

A

An organism whose right and left halves are similar images of each other

42
Q

** LOOK AT THE BODY CAVITIES IMAGES

A
43
Q

What are the general body regions?

A

Head (Cranium and face)
Neck (Cervical area)
Trunk (Thorax, Abdomen, and Pelvis)
Upper extremities (includes pectoral girdle)
Lower extremities (includes pelvic girdle)

Human Anatomy (13 decks)

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