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Human Anatomy > 05. Muscular System (Myology) > Flashcards

05. Muscular System (Myology) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 types of muscles?

A

Skeletal
Smooth
Cardiac

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2
Q

Which type of muscle is this:

  • Fibers: striated, tubular and multi nucleated
  • Voluntary
  • Usually attached to skeleton
A

Skeletal muscle

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3
Q

Which type of muscle is this:

  • Fibers: non-striated, spindle-shaped, and uninucleated
  • Involuntary
  • Usually covering wall of internal organs
A

Smooth muscle

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4
Q

Which type of muscle is this:

  • Fibers: striated, branched and uninucleated
  • Involuntary
  • Only covering walls of the heart
A

Cardiac muscle

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5
Q

Which type of muscle is this:

  • Specialized tissue
  • Attached to the bones
  • Allows movement
A

Skeletal muscle

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6
Q

For skeletal muscles: most muscles originate or
insert on the what?

A

Skeleton

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7
Q

What is the origin of the skeletal muscles?

A

The fixed point of attachment

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8
Q

What is the termination (insertion) of the skeletal muscles?

A

The moving point of attachment

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9
Q

What is the belly of the muscle?

A

Central body of the muscle
Spindle-shaped and tendons at the ends

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10
Q

A collagenous band connecting a skeletal muscle to an element of the skeleton

A

Tendons

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11
Q

What is this:

  • A thin sheath of connective tissue that helps connect muscles to bones
  • Support muscles and give body strength and
    stability
  • Support muscles and give body strength and
    stability
A

Aponeurosis

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12
Q

What is this:

  • Connective tissue found under the skin.
  • Connects different bones, organs, and other soft tissues together.
A

Fascia

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13
Q

What are the types of subcutaneous tissue?

A

Fascia
Adipose Tissue

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14
Q

What is this:

  • Body fat
  • Loose connective tissue
    composed of adipocytes
A

Adipose tissue

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15
Q

What are the basis for
naming skeletal muscles?

A
  • Shape and location
  • Divisions and attachments
  • Direction of the fibers
  • Superficial or deep
  • Size
  • Action
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16
Q

What are the actions a muscle can be shaped after?

A
  • Flexion and extension
  • Abduction and adduction
  • Supination and pronation
  • Eversion and inversion
  • Constriction and dilation
  • Elevation and depression
  • Rotation
  • Circumduction
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17
Q

What are some muscles named after shapes?

A
  • Orbicularis oculi
  • Orbicularis oris
  • Trapezius
  • Deltoid
  • Romboid
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18
Q

What are some muscles named after their location?

A
  • Temporalis
  • Infraspinatus
  • Supraspinatus
  • Occipitofrontalis
  • Vastus Lateralis
  • Tibialis anterior
  • Tibialis posterior
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19
Q

For muscles named after their origin and insertion, the first part of the name is the what? The second part of the name indicates what?

A

Origin
Insertion

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20
Q

Describes fascicle orientation within muscle

A

Direction of the fibers

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21
Q

What are some muscles named after the direction of the fibers?

A
  • Rectus (straight) abdominis
  • Transversus abdominis,
  • Superior oblique
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22
Q

What is Externus (superficialis)?

A

Visible at body surface

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23
Q

What is Internus (profundus)?

A

Deep muscles

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24
Q

What are Extrinsic muscles?

A

Muscles outside an organ

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25
Q

What are Intrinsic muscles?

A

Muscles inside an organ

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26
Q

Size:
- Longus = long
- Longissimus = longest
- Teres = long and round
- Brevis = short
- Magnus = large
- Major = larger
- Maximus = largest
- Minor = small
- Minimus = smallest

A

*

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27
Q

What is the location of the Occipitofrontalis Muscle (Epicranius)?

A

Covers the top of the skull

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28
Q

What are the actions of the Occipitofrontalis Muscle (Epicranius)?

A
  • Draws scalp posteriorly and anteriorly.
  • Raises eyebrows
  • Causes wrinkles to form on forehead
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29
Q

How many Temporalis Muscles do we have?

A

2

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30
Q

What is the location of the Temporalis Muscles?

A
  • Temporal cavity
  • Inserts into coronoid process of mandible
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31
Q

What are the actions of the Temporalis Muscles?

A
  • Muscle of mastication.
  • Closes the mandible.
  • Assists in side‐to‐side movement of mandible
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32
Q

How many Masseter Muscles do we have?

A

2

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33
Q

What is the location of the Masseter Muscles?

A
  • Arising from the zygomatic arch
  • Inserting into the mandible
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34
Q

What are the actions of the Masseter Muscles?

A

Muscle of mastication
Closes the mandible

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35
Q

How many Orbicularis oculi muscles do we have?

A

2

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36
Q

What is the location of the Orbicularis oculi muscle?

A
  • Sphincter muscle surrounding the eye socket
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37
Q

What are the actions of the Orbicularis oculi muscle?

A
  • Closes eyelids
  • Compresses lacrimal sac
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38
Q

How many Corrugator Supercilii muscles do we have?

A

2

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39
Q

What is the location of the Corrugator Supercilii muscle?

A
  • Pyramid shaped muscle
  • Beneath frontalis & orbicularis oculi muscles
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40
Q

What are the actions of the Corrugator Supercilii muscle?

A
  • Draws eyebrows inferiorly and medially
  • Known as the frowning muscles
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41
Q

How many Levator palpebrae superioris muscles do we have?

A

2

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42
Q

What is the location of the Levator palpebrae superioris muscle?

A

Inside eye socket, superior to tarsal plate of eyelid

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43
Q

What is the action of the Levator palpebrae superioris muscle?

A

Raises upper eyelid

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44
Q

How many Procerus muscles do we have?

A

1

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45
Q

What is the location of the Procerus muscle?

A

Covers the bridge of the nose

46
Q

What are the actions of the Procerus muscle?

A
  • Draws skin of the forehead inferiorly
  • Causes transverse and vertical wrinkles in the forehead
47
Q

How many Orbicularis oris muscles do we have?

48
Q

What is the location of the Orbicularis oris muscle?

A

Flat band of muscles in upper and lower red lips and integumentary lips

49
Q

What is the action of the Orbicularis oris muscle?

A
  • Closes lips
  • Compresses lips against teeth
  • Shapes lips during speech
50
Q

How many Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi muscles do we have?

51
Q

What is the location of the Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi muscle?

A

-Upper frontal process of the maxilla
- Inserts into the skin of the lateral part of the nostril and upper lip

52
Q

What is the action of the Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi muscle?

A

Rises upper lip
Dilates nostrils

53
Q

How many Levator labii superioris muscles do we have?

54
Q

What is the origin of the Levator labii superioris muscle?

A

Zygomatic process of the maxilla, maxillary process of the zygomatic bone

55
Q

What is the insertion of the Levator labii superioris muscle?

A

Blends with the muscles of the upper lip

56
Q

What are the actions of the Levator labii superioris muscle?

A

Elevates upper lip
Exposes maxillary teeth

57
Q

How many Zygomaticus minor muscles do we have?

58
Q

What is the location of the Zygomaticus minor muscle?

A

Lateral surface of the zygomatic bone
Inserts to upper lip

59
Q

What is the action of the Zygomaticus minor muscle?

A

Retracts and elevates upper lip

60
Q

How many Zygomaticus major muscles do we have?

61
Q

What’s the official name of the “laughing muscle?”

A

Zygomaticus major muscle

62
Q

What is the location of the Zygomaticus major muscle?

A

Lateral surface of the zygomatic bone
Inserts at angle of mouth

63
Q

What is the action of the Zygomaticus major muscle?

A

Retracts and elevates the corner of the mouth?

64
Q

How many Levator anguli oris muscles do we have?

65
Q

What is the location of the Levator anguli oris muscle?

A

Canine fossa (above angles of the lips)
Inserts at angle of the mouth

66
Q

What is the action of the Levator anguli oris muscle?

A

Elevates angle of the mouth

67
Q

How many Risorius muscles do we have?

68
Q

What is the proper name of the “false smile muscle”?

A

Risorius muscle

69
Q

What is the location of the Risorius muscle?

A

Masseteric fascia
Inserts to skin at angle of mouth

70
Q

What is the action of the Risorius muscle?

A

Pulls angle of mouth laterally

71
Q

How many Depressor anguli oris muscles do we have?

72
Q

What is the proper name for the Triangularis muscle?

A

Depressor anguli oris muscle

73
Q

What is the location of the Depressor anguli oris muscle?

A

Base of mandible
Insert to skin of angle of mouth

74
Q

What is the action of the Depressor anguli oris muscle?

A

Pulls angle of mouth downward

75
Q

How many Depressor labii inferioris muscles do we have?

76
Q

What is the official name of the quadratus muscle?

A

Depressor labii inferioris muscle

77
Q

What is the location of the Depressor labii inferioris muscle?

A

Base of the mandible
Inserts to skin of lower lip

78
Q

What is the action of the Depressor labii inferioris muscle?

A

Pulls lower lip downward and forward

79
Q

How many Mentalis muscles do we have?

80
Q

What is the location of the Mentalis muscle?

A

Incisive fossa of mandible
Inserts to skin of chin

81
Q

What are the actions of the Mentalis muscle?

A
  • Produces small dimples on chin
  • Elevates & protrudes inferior lip
82
Q

How many
Platysma muscles do we have?

83
Q

What is the location of the
Platysma muscle?

A

Skin and fascia covering lower neck
Inserts to base of mandible and angle of mouth

84
Q

What is the action of the
Platysma muscle?

A

Tenses and wrinkles skin of lower face and skin
Depresses mandible and and angle of mouth

85
Q

How many Sternocleidomastoid muscles do we have?

86
Q

What is the location of the Sternocleidomastoid muscle?

A
  • Mandible of sternum and sternal end of clavicle
  • Inserts to mastoid process of temporal bone
  • Marks the widest part of the neck
87
Q

What is the action of the Sternocleidomastoid muscle?

A
  • Neck flexion
  • Head rotation
88
Q

How many Digastric muscles do we have?

89
Q

What’s the official name of the “two bellies” muscle?

A

Digastric muscle

90
Q

What is the location of the Digastric muscle?

A
  • Under the mandible
  • Connects the mandible, hyoid bone, and temporal bone
91
Q

What is the action of the Digastric muscle?

A
  • Stabilizes the hyoid bone while swallowing
  • Draws the hyoid bone superiorly
92
Q

Which muscle is this:

  • Large superficial back muscle
  • It extends from the external protuberance of the occipital bone
  • To the lower thoracic vertebrae
  • Laterally to the spine of the scapula
A

Trapezius muscle

93
Q

What muscle is this:

  • One of the largest muscles of the back
  • Covers the lumbar and lower half of the dorsal region
  • Inserts into the humerus
A

Latissimus dorsi

94
Q

What muscle is this:

  • Superior most and largest muscle of the anterior chest wall
  • A thick, fan shaped muscle that lies underneath the breast
A

Pectoralis major

95
Q

What muscle is this:

  • Small muscle located in between each rib
  • Starting at the 1st rib and extending down to the 11th rib
A

External intercostals

96
Q

What muscle is this:

  • Accessory respiratory musculature.
  • Fill intercostal spaces
A

Internal intercostals

97
Q

What muscle is this:

  • Known as a six pack muscle.
  • Largest muscle of the abdominal wall.
  • Posture muscle.
  • Responsible for flexing the lumbar spine.
A

Rectus abdominis

98
Q

What muscle is this:

  • Located in lumbar region
    T12‐L5
  • Lateral to lumbar vertebrae.
A

Psoas major

99
Q

What muscle is this:

  • Dome‐shaped muscle.
  • Located below the lungs and heart.
  • Major muscle of respiration
A

Diaphragm (phrenic muscle)

100
Q

What does the Diaphragm (phrenic muscle) attach to?

A

Sternum
Bottom of rib cage
Spine

101
Q

What muscle is this:

  • Large triangular‐shaped muscle
  • Over the glenohumeral joint
102
Q

What are the 3 distinct portions of the deltoid muscle?

A

Anterior (clavicle)
Middle (acromial)
Posterior (spinal)

103
Q

What muscle is this:

  • Rotator and adductor of the humerus.
  • Runs along the lateral border of the scapula.
  • Runs parallel to the fibers of the latissimus dorsi.
  • Both insert to the lesser tubercle of the humerus.
A

Teres major

104
Q

What are the upper extremities?

A
  • Biceps brachii
  • Brachialis
  • Triceps brachii
  • Coracobrachialis
105
Q

Of the forearm, how many intrinsic muscles (located entirely within the hand) do we have?

106
Q

True or false:
these statements are about the extrinsic muscles of the forearm:

  • Muscles bellies lie proximal to the wrist
  • Originate in the forearm
  • Insert within the hand
107
Q

Of the forearm, how many extrinsic muscles do we have?

108
Q

What muscles are on the anterior aspect of the forearm?

A
  • Pronator teres
  • Flexor carpi radialis
  • Flexor carpi ulnaris
  • Flexor digitorum superficialis
109
Q

What muscles are on the posterior aspect of the forearm?

A
  • Brachioradialis
  • Extensor carpi radialis
  • Extensor digitorum
  • Extensor digit minimi
  • Extensor carpi ulnaris
110
Q

What muscle is this:

  • Largest and heaviest muscle.
  • The most superficial of the three gluteal muscles.
  • Makes up a large part of the shape and appearance of the hips.
A

Gluteus maximus

111
Q

What muscle is this:

  • Flexes the hip
  • Externally rotates the hip
  • Abducts the hip
  • Flexes and externally rotates the knee
112
Q

What are the lower leg posterior muscles?

A

Gastrocnemius
* Soleus
* Calcaneal (Achilles) Tendon

Human Anatomy (13 decks)

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