4.9-5.4 Quiz

Question 1

What is the Golgi Complex

Answer 1

consists of stacks of flattened membranous sacs called cisternae. The Golgi complex processes, sorts, and modifies proteins.

Question 2

What are the three areas of the Golgi stack?

Answer 2

cis face, trans face, and medial region

Question 3

What is cis face?

Answer 3

entry surface

Question 4

What is trans face?

Answer 4

exit surface

Question 5

What is medial region?

Answer 5

in between

Question 6

What is a lysosome?

Answer 6

a small sac of digestive enzymes dispersed in the cytoplasm of animal cells

Question 7

What is a primary lysosome?

Answer 7

contains hydrolytic enzymes (enzymes that break apart polymers) synthesized in the rough ER. The sugars attached to the molecules help direct the Golgi complex in sorting

Question 8

What is a secondary lysosome?

Answer 8

one or more primary lysosomes fused with a vesicle when bacteria or debris is engulfed by the cell

Question 9

What are vacuoles

Answer 9

large, single, membrane-enclosed sacs. Tonoplast is the membrane of a vacuole

Question 10

What does the central vacuole play a significant role in?

Answer 10

plant growth and development

Question 11

What are plant vacuoles like and why?

Answer 11

lysosomes because they break down waste

Question 12

What are the functions of mitochondria and chloroplast?

Answer 12

facilitate the conversion of energy from one form to another. Chemical energy and light energy are converted into ATP.

Question 13

Mitochondria and Chloroplast have their own?

Answer 13

DNA and ribosomes

Question 14

How does the mitochondria make ATP?

Answer 14

through aerobic respirations where the chemical energy of food is converted

Question 15

What does the double membrane of a mitochondria form?

Answer 15

inter membrane space and matrix

Question 16

How do chloroplast make energy?

Answer 16

conversion of light energy to chemical energy via photosynthesis

Question 17

What is chlorophyll?

Answer 17

a green pigment that traps light energy for photosynthesis

Question 18

What does the cytoskeleton consist of?

Answer 18

plasma membrane, microfilament, intermediate filament, and microtubules

Question 19

What are microtubules?

Answer 19

rigid hollow rods

Question 20

what are microfilaments/actin filaments?

Answer 20

flexible solid fibers consisting of two intertwined polymer chains of beadlike actin molecules linked by linker proteins. Form the cell cortex

Question 21

How do microfilaments generate movement?

Answer 21

rapid assembly and disassembly

Question 22

What are the two types of specialized filaments of muscle cells?

Answer 22

myosin and actin

Question 23

What is intermediate filament?

Answer 23

tough, flexible fibers that provide mechanical strength and help to stabilize cell shape

Question 24

What do Ciliia and Flagella consist of?

Answer 24

microtubules

Question 25

What is the function of both cilia and flagella?

Answer 25

to help unicellular and small multicellular organisms move through a watery environment

Question 26

What is a glycocalyx?

Answer 26

cell covering that allows cells to recognize one another, make contact, and form adhesive or communicating associations. contributes to the mechanical strength of multicellular tissues.

Question 27

What is an extracellular matrix?

Answer 27

a gel of carbohydrates and fibrous proteins (mainly collagen)

Question 28

What do fibronectins do?

Answer 28

organize the matrix and help cells attach to it

Question 29

What do integrins do?

Answer 29

in the plasma membrane they maintain adhesion between the ECM and intermediate filaments and microfilaments inside the cell

Question 30

Most bacteria, archaea, fungi, and plants are surrounded by?

Answer 30

a cell wall, in plants it contains cellulose

Question 31

What is the importance of a biological membrane?

Answer 31

to separate the cell from its external environment, membrane proteins are critical to cell membrane activities

Question 32

What does the plasma membrane do?

Answer 32

regulate the passage of materials and helps to maintain homeostasis

Question 33

What is the fluid mosaic model?

Answer 33

phospholipid bilayers behave like liquid crystals. phospholipids can rotate or move laterally within the layer and move along the plane of the membrane producing a fluid configuration

Question 34

Describe lipid bilayers?

Answer 34

flexible, and allow membranes to change shape without breaking. self-sealing, and can fuse with other bilayer for the transfer of materials

Question 35

What properties of the lipid bilayer determine function of the cell?

Answer 35

boundary (regulation of passage), work surface (chemical reactions, synthesis and breakdown), and energy storage (potential energy)

Question 36

What is an integral protein?

Answer 36

amphipathic proteins firmly bound to the membrane

Question 37

What is a transmembrane?

Answer 37

integral proteins extended completely through the membrane

Question 38

What is a peripheral protein?

Answer 38

on the inner of outer surface of the membrane, bound to the exposed regions of an integral protein