4.5 Flashcards

Mads/ Sarah

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1
Q

what are sclerenchyma and xylem vessels made up of

A

They’re both made up of bundles of dead cells that run vertically up the stem

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2
Q

Both the sclerenchyma fibres and xylem vessels provide ——- to the plant.

A

support

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3
Q

what are the primary funtions of stem?

A

support and transport

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4
Q

what are parentchyma cells and what is their function?

A

unspecialised cells that act as packing in stems and roots to give support

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5
Q

what are collenchyma cells and what is their function?

A

plants cells with areas of cellulose thickening that give mechanical strength and support to the tissues

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6
Q

what are sclerenchyma cells and what is their function?

A

plant cells that have very thick lignified cell walls and an empty lumen with no living contents

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7
Q

what is the function of the epidermis?

A

to proctect tissue

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8
Q

What do xylem vessels transport?

A

Water and solutes such as salts/ mineral ions

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9
Q

What do phloem vessels carry?

A

The phloem carries sucrose, soluble sugars and organic compounds

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10
Q

What is the difference between the structure of sclerenchyma fibres and xylem vessels?

A

Sclerenchyma fibres are short and tapered with closed ends, whilst xylem vessels are cells joined end to end with their end walls broken down to allow vertical transport of water

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11
Q

Where is the xylem, phloem and sclerenchyma located in the stem?

A

The xylem is located in the inner part of the stem, the phloem is located in the middle and the sclerenchyma is located in the outer part of the stem

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12
Q

Which one contains living cells, xylem, phloem or sclerenchyma?

A

Phloem- it does not contain lignin so cells live.

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13
Q

Why dies the xylem and sclerenchyma contain dead cells?

A

Because they contain lignin.
The cells in the phloem need to be alive to provide energy for active transport when transporting sucrose around the plant.

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14
Q

What is translocation?

A

the active process in phloem, movement of organic solutes up and down the stem

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15
Q

What are companion cells?

A

Cells found in phloem, that link to sieve tubes with many plasmodesmata. They are active cells (many mitochondria) that support the sieve tube cells.

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