4.2 Laryngeal Cancer Flashcards
What is the most common treatment for laryngeal cancer?
Total Laryngectomy
What adult age range typically for laryngeal caner?
Age 50-70
What gender is most likely to get laryngeal cancer?
Males, but as smoking has increased in women, so have cancer rates
What is the death rate of laryngeal cancer?
30%
What does early diagnosis of laryngeal cancer provide?
Better outcomes
What are the etiologies of laryngeal cancer?
5
- Highly associated with excessive smoking
- Even higher when paired with alcohol use
- Alcohol use alone has not be associated with laryngeal cancer
- Exposure to other environmental pollution also indicated
- Higher incidence and mortality rates for African American populations
What does this chart show?
Add chart from slide 15
A decrease in the prevalance of laryngeal cancer
What is the most common form of laryngeal cancer?
Squamous cell carcinoma
Where does squamous cell carinoma (laryngeal cancer) originate?
In the epithelial tissues
How does squamous cell carcinoma (laryngeal cancer) begin?
Begins with irregular thickening of the epithelial tissues
What may squamous cell carcinoma (laryngeal cancer) affect?
May affect vocal quality, so the SLP may be the first health care professional to see the patient
What are the other two common forms of laryngeal cancer?
- Chondrocardinoma
2. Chondrosarcoma
Where does Chondrocardinoma and Chondrosarcoma originate?
Originates in the laryngeal cartilages
Where are the three places with malignant neoplasms can happen?
- Supraglottic
- Glottic
- Subglottic
What are the different parts of the supraglottic area that can have a malignant neoplasm? (5)
Malignant neoplasms spread very quickly to what?
- False vocal folds
- Aryepiglottic folds
- Arytenoids
- Epiglottis
- Hypopharynx
lymph nodes
What are the different parts of the glottic area that can have a malignant neoplasm? (2)
How hard is it to detect malignant neoplasm in the glottic area?
- True vocal folds
- Anterior/posterior commissures
Easily detected
What are the different parts of the subglottic area that can have a malignant neoplasm? (2)
- Cricoid cartilage
2. Trachea
What are the three ways that cancer can spread?
- Enlargement
- Spread by the blood
- Metastasis
What is the enlargement of cancer?
When cancer expands or grows
How is cancer spread by the blood?
Usually in the veins that drain the tumor-generally ends up in the lungs. Not as common as enlargement and metastasis.
what is the course of metastasis of cancer? (3)
- Through the lymph nodes
- Lymph is one of the fluids that bathes our tissues
- It is collected in ducts that converge on the lymph nodes
What are the symptoms of laryngeal cancer? (9)
- Hoarseness
- Cough
- Pain or discomfort
- Referred pain in the ear
- Dysphagia
- Foul breath
- Dyspnea (may hear stridor)
- Neck Swelling
- Globus sensation
What is globus sensation?
Sensation of a lump in the throat (usually only with larger tumors)
What are the symbols for tumor staging?
Tx-T4
What are the symbols for nodal involvement (N)?
Nx-N3c
What are the symbols used for metastasis (M)?
Mx-M1
What are the stages of cancer?
Stage 1 - Stage IV
What are the reasons for using stroboscopy for examination? (2)
- Direct visualization of vocal folds
- Rigid vs. flexible
What are the other things to use during an examination? (4)
- Acoustic analysis (F0, variation, range, intensity, jitter, shimmer)
- EGG
- Photoglottography
- Biopsy
