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ECU Craniofacial Anomalies + Laryngeal Rehab > 1.3 - Cleft Lip +/- Palate > Flashcards

1.3 - Cleft Lip +/- Palate Flashcards

1
Q

What kind of disorder is Cleft Lip +/- Palate?

2

A

Multi-factorial Inheritance:

Disorder caused by interaction of multiple genes with environmental influences

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2
Q

How frequently do clefts occur?

A

1 in 595 births

CDC, 2006

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3
Q

How many Clefts are Lip only?

How many of these are Unilateral?

How many are on the Left Side?

A

25% lip only

80% are unilateral

70% of the time it is on the left)

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4
Q

How many Clefts are Palate only?

A

25% palate only

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5
Q

How many Clefts are Lip + Palate?

A

50% lip and palate

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6
Q

In which Ethnicity are clefts most common?

Which Ethnicities are the next common? (3)

A

Native Americans

Asians -> Caucasians -> African Americans

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7
Q

Which Gender experiences more Combination Clefts (Lip + Palate)?

A

Males

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8
Q

Which Gender experiences more Severe Forms of cleft?

A

Males

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9
Q

Which Gender experiences more Palatal Clefts?

A

Females

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10
Q

What percentage of individuals with Cleft have at least one other abnormality?

A

14-15%

Varies based on cleft type

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11
Q

What percentage of individuals with Cleft of the Lip Only have at least one other abnormality?

A

7%

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12
Q

What percentage of individuals with Cleft of the Lip + Palate have at least one other abnormality?

A

14%

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13
Q

What percentage of individuals with Cleft of the Palate Only have at least one other abnormality?

A

24%

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14
Q

How does Parental Age affect the risk of Cleft?

A

No direct effect

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15
Q

How does Birth Order affect the risk of Cleft?

A

No direct effect

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16
Q

What is the Etiology of Cleft?

2

A

Cause of birth defect is due to Multifactoral Inheritance:

Predisposition is exasperated by environmental factors

(Genetic + Environmental)

17
Q

How does Genetics/Family History increase one’s risk of Cleft?

A

If mother or father has cleft palate and one child already has cleft palate, next child is 17% likely to have cleft palate!

18
Q

What Environmental Factors/Teratogens increase one’s risk of Cleft?

(4)

A

Drugs (Valium, dilantin, acutane)

Smoking

Insufficient folic acid

Maternal diabetes

19
Q

How many Clefts are estimated to be due to Inheritance?

A

20%

20
Q

How many Clefts are estimated to be due to Chromosomal Influences?

A

3-5%

21
Q

How many Clefts are estimated to be due to Environmental Factors or Unknown?

A

65%

22
Q

What is a Complete Cleft?

What does it include? (4)

A

Goes all the way into nose

//

Lip

Alveolus

Hard palate

Velum

23
Q

At what point is development interrupted to cause a Complete Cleft?

A

Before the 9th week

24
Q

What is a Incomplete Cleft?

A

Doesn’t go into the nose entirely

25
Q

At what point is development interrupted to cause a Incomplete Cleft?

A

During 9th week

26
Q

What is a Unilateral Incomplete Cleft of the Lip Only?

A

An incomplete cleft on one side only

27
Q

What is a Bilateral Incomplete Cleft of the Lip Only?

A

An incomplete cleft on both sides

28
Q

What is a Unilateral Complete Cleft of the Lip Only?

A

A complete cleft on one side only

29
Q

What is a Bilateral Complete Cleft of the Lip Only?

A

A complete cleft on both sides

30
Q

What is a Bilateral Incomplete Cleft of the Palate Only?

A

A cleft of the palate that does not include the lips or alveolus.

31
Q

What are the 6 Levels of the Kernahan Striped-Y Classification?

A

Nose

Nasal Floor

Lip

Alveolus

Hard Palate

Soft Palate

32
Q

What are two other forms of Cleft?

A

Soft Palate Only

Holoprosencephaly (Midface Cleft)

33
Q

What is the Primary Palate?

A

Lip + alveolar process

34
Q

How can the Primary Palate be affect by Cleft?

2

A

Can be complete or incomplete

Unilateral or bilateral

35
Q

What is the Secondary Palate?

A

Hard + soft palate (area posterior to incisive foramen)

36
Q

How can the Secondary Palate be affect by Cleft?

A

Can be complete or incomplete

37
Q

What is a Submucous Cleft?

A

Cleft of soft palate where mucous membrane is intact

38
Q

What words are associated with Submucous Cleft?

5

A

Bifid uvula

Furrow along midline

Zona pellucida

Bony notch where posterior nasal spine should be

Anterior insertion of levator muscle

39
Q

Muscle abnormalities….

A

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ECU Craniofacial Anomalies + Laryngeal Rehab (35 decks)

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