Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ECU Craniofacial Anomalies + Laryngeal Rehab > 2.5 - Feeding > Flashcards

2.5 - Feeding Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 10 guidelines for Infant Feeding

A

Bottling is efficient (<20-30minutes)

Consistent bubbling in bottle

Coordinated suck/swallow/breathe

Adequate intake with minimal effort (dependent on size)

Consistent feeding times

Limited oral leakage/loss
/swallow/breathe

No cough/choke/gag with bottling

Minimal emesis

Parental comfort and ease

Consistent weight gain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How is the goal for a coordinated suck–swallow–breathe pattern modified for infants with cleft?

A

Coordinated compression–swallow–breathe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

When is a Pre-Natal Pharyngeal Swallow first seen?

A

10-12 weeks gestation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

When is the Palate complete (in utero)?

A

By 12th week gestation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

When is True Suckling noted prenatally?

A

18-24 weeks gestation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

When is Pre-Natal Coordinated Suck–Swallow–Respiration sequence?

A

34-37 weeks gestation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What Feeding Reflexes should be seen in an Infant at 0-1 Months?

(5)

A

Suckle on nipple (anterior—posterior motion of tongue)

Obligate nasal breather

Rooting reflex present

Hands should be flexed across chest d/feed

Nipple is not readily released

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What Feeding Reflexes should be seen in an Infant at 2-3 Months?

(2)

A

Mouth open to anticipate food

Active lip movement = suckling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What Feeding Reflexes should be seen in an Infant at 4 Months?

(5)

A

Dissociating lip/tongue

Able to purse the lips

Blowing raspberries

Incorporation of sound production

Voluntary control of mouth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What Feeding Reflexes should be seen in an Infant at 4-6 Months?

(6)

A

Tongues shows up/down movement

Wide range of tongue/jaw movements

Teething

Rooting reflex and bite reflex gone

Start of spoon feeds

Pushing foods out with tongue (thrusting)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What Feeding Reflexes should be seen in an Infant at 7-9 Months?

(6)

A

Mouth used to explore environment

Coordination of lip, tongue and jaw movements

Upper lip cleans food off spoon

Tongue moves laterally to move solids

May start cup drinking

Lower lip stabilizes for cup

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What Feeding Reflexes should be seen in an Infant at 10-12 Months?

(5)

A

Finger feeding begins

Weaning from nipple to cup

Closes lips around spoon

Controlled bite on cracker/ early chewable

Vertical/diagonal chew

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What Feeding Reflexes should be seen in an Infant at 13-18 Months?

(5)

A

Finger feeding continued

Scoops food to mouth

Coordination of phonation, swallowing, breathing

Lateral tongue movment with chewing

Straw use

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What types of textures are best for an infant between 0-6 months?

A

Liquid by nipple

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What types of textures are best for an infant at 6 months?

A

Strained baby foods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What types of textures are best for an infant between 10-11 months?

(2)

A

Lumpy foods

Early finger foods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What happens if presentation of lumpy/chewable foods is delayed beyond 14 months?

A

It will be hard for children to accept these textures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What feeding issues may be seen in infants with Cleft Lip ?

What issues are usually not seen?

A

Difficulty latching on initially

Problems with breast or bottle feeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What strategies are often used for feeding Infants with Cleft Lip?

(4)

A

Typically successful with standard bottles

Occasional nipple modifications may be needed

Can be breastfed with minimal positional adjustments

Feeding not as successful with bilateral complete cleft lip

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the KEY for feeding Infants with Cleft Lip?

A

Adequate seal around nipple to produce consistent intra-oral pressure for sucking action

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

In regards to a cleft palate, what are the problems a result of?

A

Poor oral suction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is mostly due to nasal reflux?

6

A
  1. Selection of most appropriate bottle and nipple
  2. Positioning of nipple
  3. Positioning of infant (feed baby upright)
  4. Follow feeding schedule
  5. Frequent burping due to excessive air intake
  6. Nasal saline post-feeds (recommended a lot)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How is the safety of the swallow in children with cleft palate?

A

Usually good with occasional exceptions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the structural difference with infants with cleft palate (CP) or cleft lip and palate (CLP)

A

limited build up of intraoral pressure for sucking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What does high effort and high fatigue equal?

A

low intake and high caloric expenditure (prob. w/ weight gain)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the safety like when swallowing for infants with cleft lip/palate?

A

Typically good with occasional exceptions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Summarize the feeding differences for infants with cleft lip as compared to infants with cleft palates?

(3)

A
  1. Rarely have problems w/ breast/bottle feeding
  2. May have difficulty latching on at first
  3. Tell parents to put bottle nipple inside of the cleft
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Summarize the feeding differences for infants with cleft palate as compared to infants with cleft lips?

(2)

A
  1. problems as result of: stress, positioning, malnutrition, weight loss
  2. Mostly due to nasal reflux
    a. bottle/nipple selection
    b. Positioning: nipple, infant
    c. Follow feeding schedule
    d. Frequent burping
    e. Nasal saline
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is the vicious cycle of feeding issues in cleft palate?

(6)

A
  1. Weak suck and low oral intake
  2. Increased feeding time
  3. Poor weight gain
  4. Nasal reflux
  5. Fatigue
  6. Parental stress
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is the typical oral phase of swallowing in infants?

5

A
  1. Rooting reflex: lip seal around nipple
  2. Sucking reflex: tongue squeezes nipple against alveolar ridge/hard palate
  3. Positive pressure with nipple - fluid release
  4. Tongue moves posteriorly, jaw drops, oral cavity increases in size
  5. Negative pressure results in liquid from nipple
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What are difficulties associated with cleft lip +/- palate or craniofacial anomalies?

A

Need to find this answer

32
Q

What is the Vicious Cycle of Feeding Issues in Cleft Palate?

7

A

Weak Suck + Reduced Oral Intake

Increased Feeding Time

Poor Weight Gain

Nasal Reflux

Fatigue

Parental Stress

Weak Suck + Reduced Oral Intake

33
Q

What are the clinical signs/symptoms of structural deficits?

A
  1. Inefficient or ineffective suck
  2. Excessive intake of air
  3. Nasopharyngeal reflux
  4. Lengthy feed times
  5. Fatigue.
    L
34
Q

What is the problem area for airway involvement?

A
  1. upper airway obstruction
  2. Congestion
  3. Suck/swallow/breath sequence coordination
35
Q

What are the clinical signs/symptoms of airway involvement?

7

A
  1. Inspiratory stridor
  2. Difficulty maintain 02 saturations
  3. Nasal flaring
  4. Micrognathia or Glossoptosis
  5. Gulping
  6. Liquid loss
  7. Choking/coughing
36
Q

What are the clinical signs/symptoms of neurological impact?

A
  1. Incoordination of suck/swallow/respiratory sequence
  2. Hypotonicity or hypertonicity
  3. Lack of sucking effort
  4. State control and organization difficulties
  5. Lacks basic oral attempt or interest
37
Q

When doing a pediatric feeding initial evaluation, what structures/functions are you looking at?

A
  1. symmetry and tone at rest
  2. hard/soft palate
  3. Facial structures
  4. Lip/tongue
  5. Ulcers/ thrust
38
Q

When doing a pediatric feeding initial evaluation, what reflexes and functions are you looking at?

A
  1. Gag
  2. Rooting
  3. Suck/Swallow
    • suck rhythm
    • suck rate
    • Suck strength
    • Tongue action
    • Suck/swallow ratio
39
Q

When doing a pediatric feeding initial evaluation, what other things are you looking at?

A
  1. resting heart (affects reading) and respiratory rates
  2. Current level of function (diet, volumes, etc.)
  3. Parent/caregiver understanding, comfort, stress level
  4. Watch out for typical signs of swallow dysfunction
40
Q

When doing a pediatric feeding initial evaluation, what are medical red flags for feeding difficulties?

A
  1. Excessive vomitting (reflux)
  2. Mucus in stool (milk protein intolerance?)
  3. Constipation
  4. Eczema/rashes
  5. Chronic nasal congestion
  6. Excessive bloating after feeds/gas
41
Q

When assessing quality of feeding, what do you look at for rate/rhythm?

A
  1. Suck-swallow-breath-coordination
  2. Ability to self-pace
  3. Number of breathing breaks
  4. Anterior loss
42
Q

When assessing quality of feeding, what do you look at for respiratory/cardiac status?

A
  1. Respiratory rate
  2. Heart rate
  3. Color change
  4. Oxygen saturation
    • Desturation may indicate aspiration
43
Q

When assessing quality of feeding, what do you look at for increased effort?

A
  1. Jaw excursions
  2. Nasal flaring
  3. Retractions
  4. Stridor
  5. Refusal behaviors
  6. Feeding aversions
  7. Volume limiting/grazing
  8. Poor weight gain
44
Q

What are possible recommendations following feeding assessment?

A
  1. increase calorie formula (24 Kal)
  2. Modifications in positioning
  3. Chin/cheek supports
  4. Compression on nipple of MSNF
  5. Ongoing assessment of ability to tolerate increased flow rate
  6. Monitor airway (i.e. coughing, gagging, facial color changes, watery/runny eyes)
  7. Frequent weight checks
    Close monitor of Ins/outs
  8. Reflux contribution?? (can cause feeding aversion)
45
Q

What is included in pediatric feeding therapy?

A
  1. Encourage breastfeeding as appropriate
  2. Limit feeds to <30 minutes
  3. Follow baby’s lead
  4. Keep feeding diary
  5. Weekly weight checks
  6. Counseling parents through process
  7. Intervene as necessary
46
Q

What is more specific information about encouraging breastfeeding as appropriate?

A
  1. Value - bonding, breastmilk

2. Consider brief periods of nursing during non-feeding times

47
Q

What is more specific information about following baby’s lead?

A

infant guided feeding (Catherine Shaker)

48
Q

What is more specific information about intervening as necessary?

A
  1. Bottle/nipple selction

2. Strategies to improve feeding efficiency

49
Q

In regards to intervention, what do we need to know about pacing?

A
  1. Can help progress patients relying on NG/G tube feeds to all oral intake
  2. Do not fully break seal! (might stop eating altogether)
50
Q

What is external pacing?

A

Pacing baby while bottle feeding in order to control bolus size, give baby time to breath/catch breath when not properly coordinating suck-swallow-breath triad

51
Q

In regards to intervention, what do we need to know about boundaries?

A
  1. Check/jaw support for external boundaries

2. Can use at first to aid latch and provide as necessary

52
Q

In regards to intervention, what do we need to know about positioning?

A

Sidelying/semi-upright

53
Q

In regards to intervention, what do we need to know about considerations?

A
  1. Medical factors

2. Oral-motor delays

54
Q

In regards to specialty bottling considerations, what are the four basic parameters?

A
  1. Pliability of the nipple
  2. Shape
  3. Size
  4. Hole type and size
55
Q

In regards to specialty bottling considerations, what do you need to consider?

A
  1. type and extent of cleft

2. oral-motor feeding abilities

56
Q

What do we know about the specialty bottle system known as Haberman?

A
  1. Two chambers separated by disc that only allows one-way flow
  2. Adjustable flow nipple with one-way valve
    • Rotating collar changes rate of flow
  3. Good for those w/ weak suck
57
Q

What do we know about the specialty bottle system known as Pigeon?

A
  1. Occludes space of cleft
  2. Fast flow nipple w/ one-way valve
  3. Firm side/soft side
    • Firm side occludes cleft, tongue compresses soft side
  4. Relies on baby’s ability to suck/extract liquid independently
    • No squeezing
58
Q

What do we know about the specialty bottle system known as Mead-Johnson Nurser?

A
  1. Nipple = longer, softer, cross-cut
    • Fits standard bottle
  2. Allows chewing/munching action to extract
  3. Can be used for thickened liquids
  4. Parent controls flow rate by squeezing bottle
    • OUR JOB: Teach parents to squeeze in sync w/ baby’s swallow
59
Q

What do we know about the specialty bottle system known as Dr. Brown’s speciality bottle system?

A
  1. New, similar to pigeon

2. “infant-paced feeding valve

60
Q

What is a major disadvantage of all these different types of specialty bottle systems?

A

Cost - parents often try several options before finding one that works

61
Q

What is additional information about the Mead Johnson Nurser?

A
  1. Baby chews on cross-cut nipple
  2. Parent controls feeding by squeezing in sync with the baby sucking
  3. Longer nipple than others (may actually pass area of cleft)
  4. Leakage around collor is sometimes a problem
62
Q

What is the Mead Johnson Nurser good for?

A

Good for weak suck and nipple can be used on any bottle

63
Q

What are some alternative feeding options?

A
  1. Pigeon valve placed in standard nipples
  2. Cross-cut nipples
  3. Squeezing “drop-ins” to assist with extraction
64
Q

What do we need to know about oral hygiene?

A
  1. Frequent cleaning of bottles and area of cleft required
  2. Use Washcloth/gauze
  3. Water and/or hydrogen peroxide
  4. No syringe or cotton swab
65
Q

What are the steps of the feeding progression?

A
  1. Children with clefts should transition to solids at the same age as typical toddlers (4-6 months)
  2. It is safe to offer purees and age appropriate solids before cleft is repaired
  3. Some children with clefts have difficulty transitioning to solids due to nasal regurgitation
  4. Post-surgically (9-12 months for palate) they will have some restrictions right after surgery to avoid fistula
66
Q

What causes feeding issues in Cleft Palate?

3

A

Poor negative pressure

Poor intramural pressure (due to structural differences)

Reduced/limited efficiency

Fatigue

Excessive air intake

Nasal reflux

67
Q

What can assist feeding issues created by cleft palate?

6

A

Selection of most appropriate bottle and nipple

Positioning of nipple

Positioning of infant (feed baby upright)

Follow feeding schedule

Frequent burping due to excessive air intake

Nasal saline post-feeds

68
Q

How is the safety of the swallow in children with cleft palate?

A

Usually good with occasional exceptions

69
Q

Do Infants with Cleft Lip have problems with breast/bottle feeding?

A

Rarely

70
Q

Do Infants with Cleft Lip have difficulty latching on at first?

A

Sometimes

71
Q

Do professions tell parents of Infants with Cleft Lip to put bottle nipple inside of the cleft or under the cleft?

A

Inside

72
Q

Can parent and/or infant Stress cause problems in infants with cleft palate?

A

Yes

73
Q

Can Feeding Positioning cause problems in infants with cleft palate?

A

Yes

74
Q

Can Malnutrition cause problems in infants with cleft palate?

A

Yes

75
Q

Can Weight Loss cause problems in infants with cleft palate?

A

Yes

76
Q

Can Nasal Reflux cause problems in infants with cleft palate?

A

Yes

77
Q

What is the Vicious Cycle of Feeding Issues in Cleft Palate?

7

A

Weak Suck + Reduced Oral Intake

Increased Feeding Time

Poor Weight Gain

Nasal Reflux

Fatigue

Parental Stress

Weak Suck + Reduced Oral Intake

ECU Craniofacial Anomalies + Laryngeal Rehab (35 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions