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CompTia 901 A+ > 4.2 > Flashcards

4.2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a bootstrap loader?

A

Loads the program that loads the OS

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2
Q

Where is the bootstrap loader located?

A

BIOS

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3
Q

What loads the program that loads the OS?

A

Bootstrap loader

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4
Q

What is the Windows version of the second stage boot loader?

A

Winload

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5
Q

What does the second stage boot loader do?

A

Gets the OS started

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6
Q

What does legacy BIOSs depend on to load an OS?

A

Master Boot Record (MBR)

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7
Q

What does Master Boot Record do first at startup?

A

It tells the computer’s BIOS where to look for the operating system so that it can start it.

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8
Q

Where is the Master Boot Record (MBR) located?

A

The first sector of your system Hard drive.

Usually the first 512 bytes

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9
Q

What does the Master Boot Record (MBR) contain?

A
  • Primary Partition Table
  • Disk signatures
  • Directions for starting the OS
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10
Q

Where are Disk signatures contained?

A

Master Boot Record (MBR)

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11
Q

What does the MBR load?

A

Boot Sector

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12
Q

What code does boot sector contain?

A

It contains the code that’s loaded into the RAM, that’s necessary to run the OS kernal.

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13
Q

What happens if the boot sector signature is corrupt or has been changed?

A

The BIOS will not be able to find the boot sector and won’t be able to load the necessary instructions to start the operating system.

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14
Q

What does UEFI use to help load the OS?

A

EFI System Partition (ESP)

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15
Q

What is the EFI System Partition (ESP)?

A

Contains configurations for different OS’s on a single hard drive

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16
Q

What contains configurations for OS’s on a single hard drive on a UEFI BIOS?

A

EFI System Partition (ESP)

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17
Q

If your OS doesn’t load how do you get to the Windows Command Prompt?

A

Boot from the installation media

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18
Q

How do you get to the Command Prompt on the installation media on Windows Vista/7

A

System Recovery Options → Command Prompt

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19
Q

How do you get to the Command Prompt on the installation media on Windows 8/8.1?

A

Choose Other Options →

Troubleshoot →

Advanced Options →

Command Prompt

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20
Q

What does the bootrec command do?

A

Fix problems for the MBR

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21
Q

What command fixes problems for the MBR?

A

bootrec

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22
Q

What bootrec command scans all disks for any Windows installations that are not currently included in the Boot Configuration Data Store?

A

bootrec /ScanOS

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23
Q

What does bootrec /ScanOS do?

A

Scan all disks for any Windows installations that are not currently included in the Boot Configuration Data Store

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24
Q

What bootrec command fixes the Master Boot Record on a physical drive?

A

bootrec /FixMBR

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25
Q

What does bootrec /FixMBR do?

A

It repairs a corrupted or damaged Master Boot Record (MBR).

26
Q

Which command prompt fixes the following errors:

  • “Operating System not found”
  • “Error loading operating system”
  • “Missing operating system”
  • “Invalid partition table”.
A

bootrec /fixmbr

27
Q

What does bootrec /FixBoot do?

A

Writes a new boot sector

28
Q

What bootrec command writes a new boot sector?

A

bootrec /FixBoot

29
Q

Which command fixes the following errors:

The boot sector has been replaced with a non-standard Windows boot sector;

The boot sector is damaged;

An earlier Windows operating system has been installed after your version of Windows was installed.

A

bootrec /fixboot

30
Q

What bootrec command completely rebuilds a new Boot Configuration Data

A

bootrec /RebuildBcd

31
Q

What does bootrec /RebuildBcd do?

A

Creates a new Boot Configuration Data store

32
Q

What does the diskpart command do?

A

Manage disk partitions

33
Q

What command would you use to manage disk partitions?

A

diskpart

34
Q

What does the chkdsk /f command do?

A

Fixes errors on the disk

35
Q

Which command fixes errors on a disk?

A

chkdsk /f

36
Q

What does the chkdsk /r command do?

A

Locates bad sectors and recovers readable information

37
Q

What command locates bad sectors and recovers readable information?

A

chkdsk /r

38
Q

If the volume is locked when would a chkdsk run?

A

During startup

39
Q

What does the format command do?

A

Adds a file system to a partition & removes all file entries

40
Q

What command adds a file system to a partition?

A

format

41
Q

What does a file recovery software do?

A

Recovers files that haven’t been overwritten yet

42
Q

What type of software can recover files that haven’t been overwritten yet?

A

File recovery software

43
Q

What does defrag do?

A

Moves files fragments so they are contiguous

44
Q

What moves file fragments so they are contiguous?

A

Defrag

45
Q

What is the command to defrag a computer?

A

Defrag

46
Q

How do you get to the GUI version of defrag?

A

Right Click My Computer → Tools → Defragmentation

47
Q

How do you get to the Task Scheduler?

A

Control Panel → Administrative Tools → Task Scheduler

48
Q

What would it say if a HDD has a read/write failure?

A

Cannot read from the source disk

49
Q

What happened if it say Cannot read from source disk?

A

HHD read/write failure

50
Q

What is the first thing you should do before a disk fails?

A

Backup the data

51
Q

If your running RAID 0 how many drives do you need to recover the RAID?

A

None. RAID 0 provides no redundancy Your RAID is done for unless you have a backup

52
Q

If your running RAID 1 how many drives do you need to recover the RAID?

A

1

53
Q

If your running RAID 5 how many drives do you need to recover the RAID?

A

All but one

54
Q

If your running RAID 10 how many drives do you need to recover the RAID?

A

Can lose all but one from each set of mirrors

55
Q

What does S.M.A.R.T do?

A

Gives you information about a HDD

56
Q

What gives you information about a HDD?

A

S.M.A.R.T

57
Q

What is a allocation unit?

A

Another term for a cluster

58
Q

What is another term for a cluster on a HDD?

A

allocation unit

59
Q

If you get an error on a HDD what should you do first?

A

Run the error-checking utility

60
Q

What does The Boot Configuration Data (BCD) contain?

A

A detailed list of what is supposed to load at startup

61
Q

r

It contains the code that’s loaded into the RAM, that’s necessary to run the OS kernal.

A

What is Boot sector?

CompTia 901 A+ (25 decks)

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