4.2 Flashcards
What is a bootstrap loader?
Loads the program that loads the OS
Where is the bootstrap loader located?
BIOS
What loads the program that loads the OS?
Bootstrap loader
What is the Windows version of the second stage boot loader?
Winload
What does the second stage boot loader do?
Gets the OS started
What does legacy BIOSs depend on to load an OS?
Master Boot Record (MBR)
What does Master Boot Record do first at startup?
It tells the computer’s BIOS where to look for the operating system so that it can start it.
Where is the Master Boot Record (MBR) located?
The first sector of your system Hard drive.
Usually the first 512 bytes
What does the Master Boot Record (MBR) contain?
- Primary Partition Table
- Disk signatures
- Directions for starting the OS
Where are Disk signatures contained?
Master Boot Record (MBR)
What does the MBR load?
Boot Sector
What code does boot sector contain?
It contains the code that’s loaded into the RAM, that’s necessary to run the OS kernal.
What happens if the boot sector signature is corrupt or has been changed?
The BIOS will not be able to find the boot sector and won’t be able to load the necessary instructions to start the operating system.
What does UEFI use to help load the OS?
EFI System Partition (ESP)
What is the EFI System Partition (ESP)?
Contains configurations for different OS’s on a single hard drive
What contains configurations for OS’s on a single hard drive on a UEFI BIOS?
EFI System Partition (ESP)
If your OS doesn’t load how do you get to the Windows Command Prompt?
Boot from the installation media
How do you get to the Command Prompt on the installation media on Windows Vista/7
System Recovery Options → Command Prompt
How do you get to the Command Prompt on the installation media on Windows 8/8.1?
Choose Other Options →
Troubleshoot →
Advanced Options →
Command Prompt
What does the bootrec command do?
Fix problems for the MBR
What command fixes problems for the MBR?
bootrec
What bootrec command scans all disks for any Windows installations that are not currently included in the Boot Configuration Data Store?
bootrec /ScanOS
What does bootrec /ScanOS do?
Scan all disks for any Windows installations that are not currently included in the Boot Configuration Data Store
What bootrec command fixes the Master Boot Record on a physical drive?
bootrec /FixMBR
What does bootrec /FixMBR do?
It repairs a corrupted or damaged Master Boot Record (MBR).
Which command prompt fixes the following errors:
- “Operating System not found”
- “Error loading operating system”
- “Missing operating system”
- “Invalid partition table”.
bootrec /fixmbr
What does bootrec /FixBoot do?
Writes a new boot sector
What bootrec command writes a new boot sector?
bootrec /FixBoot
Which command fixes the following errors:
The boot sector has been replaced with a non-standard Windows boot sector;
The boot sector is damaged;
An earlier Windows operating system has been installed after your version of Windows was installed.
bootrec /fixboot
What bootrec command completely rebuilds a new Boot Configuration Data
bootrec /RebuildBcd
What does bootrec /RebuildBcd do?
Creates a new Boot Configuration Data store
What does the diskpart command do?
Manage disk partitions
What command would you use to manage disk partitions?
diskpart
What does the chkdsk /f command do?
Fixes errors on the disk
Which command fixes errors on a disk?
chkdsk /f
What does the chkdsk /r command do?
Locates bad sectors and recovers readable information
What command locates bad sectors and recovers readable information?
chkdsk /r
If the volume is locked when would a chkdsk run?
During startup
What does the format command do?
Adds a file system to a partition & removes all file entries
What command adds a file system to a partition?
format
What does a file recovery software do?
Recovers files that haven’t been overwritten yet
What type of software can recover files that haven’t been overwritten yet?
File recovery software
What does defrag do?
Moves files fragments so they are contiguous
What moves file fragments so they are contiguous?
Defrag
What is the command to defrag a computer?
Defrag
How do you get to the GUI version of defrag?
Right Click My Computer → Tools → Defragmentation
How do you get to the Task Scheduler?
Control Panel → Administrative Tools → Task Scheduler
What would it say if a HDD has a read/write failure?
Cannot read from the source disk
What happened if it say Cannot read from source disk?
HHD read/write failure
What is the first thing you should do before a disk fails?
Backup the data
If your running RAID 0 how many drives do you need to recover the RAID?
None. RAID 0 provides no redundancy Your RAID is done for unless you have a backup
If your running RAID 1 how many drives do you need to recover the RAID?
1
If your running RAID 5 how many drives do you need to recover the RAID?
All but one
If your running RAID 10 how many drives do you need to recover the RAID?
Can lose all but one from each set of mirrors
What does S.M.A.R.T do?
Gives you information about a HDD
What gives you information about a HDD?
S.M.A.R.T
What is a allocation unit?
Another term for a cluster
What is another term for a cluster on a HDD?
allocation unit
If you get an error on a HDD what should you do first?
Run the error-checking utility
What does The Boot Configuration Data (BCD) contain?
A detailed list of what is supposed to load at startup
r
It contains the code that’s loaded into the RAM, that’s necessary to run the OS kernal.
What is Boot sector?
