40B - Lecture - Chapter #23 Flashcards
Nasopharynx
Lined with PCCE + goblet cells
Oral Pharynx
*Oral
Lined with Stratified squamous epithelium
Laryngopharynx
*Larynx
Lined with stratified squamous epithelium
Tracheotomy Or Tracheostomy
Obstruction involving larynx or above
Skin incision made inferior to cricoid cartilage and tracheal cartilage
Intubation
Done with aid of a laryngoscope
Placed in mouth and directed between and past the vocal folds in area of rima glottidis.
Laryngitis
Inflammation of larynx and vocal folds
Cancer of larynx
Almost exclusive in smokers
Visceral Pleura
Inner
Parietal Pleura
Outer
*Attached to thoracic wall
Pleural Cavity
Space
*Contains pleural fluid
Pleuritis
Inflammation of pleural membrane
Hemothorax
Blood enters pleural cavity
Pneumothorax
Air entering pleural cavity
“Wing knocked out of me”
Problem is diaphragm; spasms
Type I Aveolar Cells
Simple Squamous Epithelial Cells
Forms structure of alveolus
Type II Aveolar Cells
Separate alveolar fluid that coats inner lining of alveolus
Makes surfactant
Surfactant
Function is to decrease surface tension of alveolar fluid
Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Breathing disorder of premature infants
Do not make surfactant
Muscles of Inhalation (@ REST)
Active Process; contraction of diaphragm (move 0.4 in) and external intercostals
0.5L air
Muscles of Inhalation (W/ EXERCISE)
Diaphragm (moves 4 in), External intercostals, and sternocleidomastoid
2-3L air
Muscles of Exhalation (@ REST)
Passive process; relying of relaxation of diahragm and external intercostals
Pushes CO2 out of lungs
Muscles of Exhalation (W/ EXERCISE)
Active proces; contraction of internal intercostals and rectum abdominus
Diaphragm (@ REST)
1st P = ATM
Aveolar = ATM
Intrapleural = Subatomic
Result = no air flow
Inhalation (@ REST)
1st P = ATM
Aveolar = Increase ATM
Intrapleural = Decrease ATM
Result = Air enters system
Exhalation (@ REST)
1st P = ATM
Aveolar = Increase ATM
Intrapleural = Subatomic
Result = Drive CO2 out of lung
Pulmonary Ventilation
PO2 Outside > PO2 Inside Alveoli
External Pulmonary Respiration
Convert dexoy blood -> Oxygen blood
PO2 in alveolus > PO2 in dexoy blood
Internal Tissue Respiration
Oxygenated blood needs to release O2 from hemoglobin
PO2 in O2 Blood > PO2 in tissue
Factors for O2-Hb disassociation
- H+ increase: Structural change
- CO2: Binds to globin of Hb
- Heat: change Hb molecule to dissociate
