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Anatomy and Physiology > 40A - Lecture - Chapter #2 > Flashcards

40A - Lecture - Chapter #2 Flashcards

0
Q

pH of blood

A

7.35 - 7.45

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1
Q

Inorganic compound

A

Do not have carbon
Simple compounds
Exceptions: CO2, HCO3, H2CO3

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2
Q

Buffers

A

Help maintains homeostasis of pH levels

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3
Q

Acidosis

A

Making blood will be more acidic
Patient becomes disoriented, coma, hypoventilation, enphazema
Lethal @ 6.35

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4
Q

Alkalosis

A

Making blood more basic

Patient becomes agitated, nervous, muscle spams, convulsions, hyperventilation

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5
Q

Organic compounds

A

Large complex compounds, has carbon

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6
Q

Carbohydrates

A

Sugars, source of energy, converts into ATP

Includes: sugars, glycogen, starch, cellulose

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7
Q

Monosaccharides

A

1 sugar unit, monomer

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8
Q

Disaccharides

A

2 sugar units

1 monosac + 1 monosac = disac

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9
Q

Glucose + fructose

A

Sucrose

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10
Q

Glucose + galactose

A

Lactose

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11
Q

Glucose + glucose

A

Maltose

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12
Q

Polysaccharides

A

Complex sugars
10 - 100 units of sugar
Stores mole called glycogen (made up of glucose)
Things that store glycogen: liver and skeletal muscles

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13
Q

Lipids

A

Fats, hydrophobic

TG, phospholipids, steroids

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14
Q

Triglycerides

A 
1 glycerol + 3 fatty acids
Generally not soluble in water
Function: protection, insulation, energy, competent of plasma membrane
Adipose tissue: stores fat, beneath skin
Chemical bond formed: ester linkage
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15
Q

Phospholipids

A

2 fatty acids + 1 glycerol + phosphate group
Major component of plasma membrane
Has polar head and nonpolar tail

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16
Q

Steroids

A

Cholesterol: starting molecule to make all steroids

Building block to make estrogen, testosterone, and cortisol

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17
Q

Fatty acid

A

Used to synthesize triglycerides and phospholipids

18
Q

Lipoproteins

A

Helps transport lipids in bloodstream

Soluble, transports molecules in plasma

19
Q

High density lipoproteins (HDL)

A

Helps with health, high density lipoproteins transports express cholesterol to liver, liver gets rid of it

20
Q

Low density lipoproteins (LDL)

A

Considered bad
Good: transport cholesterol is in excess and takes to cells
Bad: when cholesterol is in excess and bonded to LDL, is gets deposited in leumen of arteries

21
Q

Proteins

A

Important structural element of a cell with important functions. Uses amino acid as building blocks

22
Q

Function of proteins

A
  1. Structural: plasma membrane
  2. Regulatory: protein hormones, ex: insulin
  3. Contractile: muscle proteins inside skeletal muscle cell, ex: actin or myosin
  4. Immunological: very specific to immune system defense proteins, ex: immunoglobulin
    * 5. Transport: lipoproteins transport hydrophobic molecules and help transport across membrane, ex: hemoglobin
  5. Catalytic: enzymes, involved in making breaking molecules
23
Q

Amino acid

A

Monomers that make up proteins

20 different kinds

24
Q

Dipeptide

A

2 amino acids

25
Q

Tripeptide

A

3 amino acid

26
Q

Peptide

A

4 - 9 amino acid

27
Q

Polypeptide

A

100 - 2000 peptide

28
Q

Small protein

A

50 amino acids

29
Q

Primary

A

Sequence of amino acids

30
Q

Secondary

A

Alpha helix / beta pleated sheet

31
Q

Tertiary

A

3-D shaped (folded)

32
Q

Quantinary

A

Two or more polypeptide chains

33
Q

Denature

A

Away from natural shape which can be caused by heat

34
Q

Renature

A

Return to natural shape only under some conditions

35
Q

Enzymes

A

Proteins; involved in chemical reactions and act in synthesis

36
Q

Properties of enzymes

A

Highly specific: ex: lactase, sucrase
Efficient: 1 enzyme can catalyze a substrate 600,00/ sec
Under cellular control: cell goes with needs
Location: intercellular fluid, plasma membrane, Extracellular fluid, inside plasma, leumen of GI tract

37
Q

Progression in making protein

A 
1. DNA ( in nucleus)
(Transcription)
2. RNA (starts in nucleus moves into cytoplasm)
(Translation)
3. "Make protein" (protein synthesis"
38
Q

DNA

A

Carries inherited genetic information inside nucleus
Stands for deoxyribose nucleic acid
3 components: phosphate, sugar, base

39
Q

RNA

A

Ribose nucleic acid, single stranded

3 components: phosphate, sugar, base

40
Q

ATP

A

Adenosine triphosphate

Energy for cells to recognize

41
Q

ADP

A

Adenosine diphosphate

Energy for cells to recognize

42
Q

Cellular respiration

A

ADP + P + E -> ATP + H2O

43
Q

Break down ATP

A

ATP + H2O -> ADP + P + E

Anatomy and Physiology (22 decks)

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