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Speech Anatomy & Physiology > 4.01 - Articulation & Resonance A > Flashcards

4.01 - Articulation & Resonance A Flashcards

0
Q

What’s another name for Glossopalatine?

A

Palatoglossus

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1
Q

What’s another name for Palatoglossus?

A

Glossopalatine

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2
Q

What’s another name for Palatal Levator?

A

Levator Veli Palatini

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3
Q

What’s another name for Levator Veli Palatini?

A

Palatal Levator

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4
Q

What are five upper airway functions that are necessary to sustain life?

A

Eating

Breathing

Vomiting

Coughing

Sneezing

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5
Q

What are two upper airway functions necessary for speech?

A

Filter Function

Oro-Nasal Coupling

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6
Q

What three things are necessary for speech?

A

Power source

Sound source

Sound filter

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7
Q

The upper vocal tract ______ of the cavities, spaces, and location of the constriction to resonate some frequencies of the ______ and attenuate others.

A

Modulates the shape

Glottal tone

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8
Q

The articulation of speech is created by everything ______.

A

Above the vocal folds

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9
Q

What are the two functions does the vocal filter provide?

A

Resonates harmonics

Attenuates harmonics

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10
Q

Resonate means to _____ harmonics where attenuate means to ______ harmonics.

A

Reinforce

Reduce the power

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11
Q

What are formants? What determines them?

A

Resonated harmonic frequencies

The length and shape of the vocal tract

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12
Q

What are the three stages of speech production?

A

Glottal tone

Vocal tract filter

Output

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13
Q

What is the Torus Tuberius?

A

The cartilaginous protrusion around the auditory (eustachian) tube opening

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14
Q

People say the ethmoid bone is shaped like a _____.

A

Walnut

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15
Q

People say the Vomer Bone is shaped like a ______.

A

Plow

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16
Q

What is another word for nostrils?

A

Nares

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17
Q

Nares are lined with _____ which catch _____ and _____.

A

Hair

Dust

Bacteria

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18
Q

Conchae create swirling pathways for air which ____________ which protects the lungs.

A

Warms and moistens the air

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19
Q

What sort of lining is in the nasal cavities and sinuses?

A

Mucosal

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20
Q

How much mucus do we produce in a day?

A

Around a quart

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21
Q

What does mucus contain?

2

A

Infection-Fighting Enzymes

White Blood Cells

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22
Q

What secondary function does mucus provide?

A

It is sticky and washes the nasal wall of particles

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23
Q

What joint does the Condylar Process connect to?

A

Temporomanibular Joint

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24
Q

What joint does the Coronoid Process?

A

None.

It only connects to muscles

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25
Q

A Class II Malocclusion is an ______.

A

Overbite

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26
Q

A Class III Malocclusion is an _______.

A

Underbite.

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27
Q

What is the difference between TMJ & TMD?

A

Temporomandibular Joint

Temporomandibular Disorder

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28
Q

“Velum” comes from the latin word for _____.

A

Curtain

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29
Q

“Uvela” come from the Latin word for _______.

A

Little Grape

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30
Q

The Frenulum connects the tongue to the ______.

A

Mandibule

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31
Q

What can a restricted frenulum cause?

A

Trouble reaching alveolar sounds or with swallowing

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32
Q

What are the passive forces of the Upper Airway Apparatus?

3

A

Recoil

Surface Tension

Gravity

Aerodynamic (for things like trills)

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33
Q

What are the active forces of the Upper Airway Apparatus?

5

A

Pharyngeal Muscles

Mandibular Muscles

Tongue Muscles

Face/Lip Muscles

Velum

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34
Q

What is the Upper Airway Apparatus?

A

The tube above the vocal folds

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35
Q

What are the muscles of the Pharynx?

4

A

Superior, Middle, & Inferior Constrictor

Palatopharyngeus

Salpingopharyngeus

Stylopharyngeus

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36
Q

What is the Lumen?

A

The pharyngeal tube

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37
Q

What do the Constrictors do?

A

Reduce the size of the lumen

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38
Q

The Superior Constrictor goes from the ______ to the ______.

A

Posterior Median Raphe

Pterygoid Mandibular Ligament

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39
Q

What does the Superior Constrictor do?

2

A

Decreases the cross section of the lumen and squeezes

40
Q

The Middle Constrictor goes from the ______ to the _______ and the ______.

A

Posterior Median Raphe

Greater & Lesser Horns of the Hyoid

Styloid Process

41
Q

What does the Middle Constrictor do?

A

Decreases the cross section of the lumen

42
Q

The Inferior Constrictor goes from the ______ to the _______.

A

Posterior Median Raphe

Thyroid & Cricoid Cartilages

43
Q

What does the Inferior Constrictor do?

A

Decreases the cross sectional area of the lumen

44
Q

The Stylopharyngeus connects to the _______ to the _______ and the ________.

A

Lateral walls of the pharynx

Mastoid Process

Stylo Process

45
Q

What does the Stylopharyngeus do?

2

A

Increases the cross sectional area

Dialates

Elevates and opens the pharynx

46
Q

The Palatopharygeus goes from the ______ to the _______.

A

Soft palate

Back pharyngeal wall

47
Q

What does the Palatopharyngeus do?

A

It can lower the palate or raise the pharynx

48
Q

What do the vertical fibers of the Palatopharyngeus do?

A

Elevate the pharynx

49
Q

What do the horizontal fibers of the Palatopharyngeus do?

A

Constrict

Lower the palate

50
Q

The Salpingopharygeus attaches to the _______ and joins the _______.

A

Torus Tuberius

Palatopharyngeus muscles

51
Q

What does the Salpingopharyngeus do?

A

Elevates the pharynx

52
Q

“Salpino-“ comes from the Latin root for ______.

53
Q

What are the Muscles of Mastication?

6

A

Temporalis

Masseter

External & Internal Pterygoid

Geniohyoid

Diagastric (anterior)

Mylohyoid

54
Q

What is the “Mandibular Sling”?

A

Masseter & Internal Pterygoid

55
Q

What does the Masseter do?

2

A

Elevator

Raises the jaw

56
Q

The Masseter connects the ______ to the _______ and the _______.

A

Zygomatic arch

Ramus of the Mandible

Coronid Process

57
Q

The Internal Pterygoid connects the ______ to the _______.

A

Pterygoid processes

Superior surface of the mandible

58
Q

What does the Internal Pterygoid do?

A

Elevates the mandible

59
Q

What is another name of the Internal Pterygoid?

A

Medial Pterygoid

60
Q

What does the Mandibular Sling do?

A

Closes the jaw

61
Q

The Temporalis connects the ______ to the _______.

A

Temporal bone

Mandible

62
Q

What does the Temporalis do?

A

Closes the jaw

63
Q

What muscles help close the jaw?

3

A

Internal Pterygoid

Temporalis

Masseter

64
Q

True or false, the muscles that close the jaw are very powerful?

65
Q

The Digastric (Anterior) connects the _______ to the _______.

A

Front of the mandible

Front of the hyoid

66
Q

What does the Digastric (Anterior) do?

3

A

Pulls the hyoid forward

Depresses the mandible

Opens the jaw

67
Q

The Mylohyoid connects the ______ to the ______ and the ______.

A

Inner mandible

Median Fibrous Raphe

Hyoid

68
Q

What does the Mylohyoid do?

2

A

Depresses the mandible

Opens the jaw

69
Q

The Geniohyoid connects the ______ to the _______.

A

Mandible

Hyoid

70
Q

What does the Geniohyoid do?

2

A

Depresses the mandible

Opens the jaw

71
Q

What does the Platysma do?

2

A

Depresses the mandible

Opens the jaw

72
Q

What muscles open the jaw?

4

A

Digastric (Anterior)

Mylohyoid

Geniohyoid

Platysma

73
Q

The External Pterygoid connects the _______ to the ______.

A

External process of the mandible

Zygomatic process

74
Q

What does the External Pterygoid do?

A

Slides the jaw forward

75
Q

What muscles protrudes the jaw?

A

External Pterygoid

76
Q

What does ABD stand for? What is it also called?

A

Anterior Belly of the Digastricus

Digastric (Anterior)

77
Q

What does the PBD stand for? What is it also called?

A

Posterior Belly of the Digastricus

Digastricus (Posterior)

78
Q

What innervates the Mandibular Sling?

A

CN V

Trigeminal Nerve

79
Q

What innervates the ABD?

A

CN V

Trigeminal Nerve

80
Q

What innervates the Mylohyoid?

A

CN V

Trigeminal Nerve

81
Q

What innervates the PBD?

A

CN VII

Facial Nerve

82
Q

What innervates the Geniohyoid?

A

CN XII

Hypoglossal Nerve

83
Q

What is CN V?

A

Trigeminal Nerve

84
Q

What is the Vallecula?

2

A

The valley between the tongue and the epiglottis

Can create swallowing issues if food or water gets stuck here.

85
Q

What is another name for the Lateral Pterygoid?

A

External Pterygoid

86
Q

What is another name for the Medial Pterygoid?

A

Internal Pterygoid

87
Q

What is another name for the External Pterygoid?

A

Lateral Pterygoid

88
Q

What is another name for the Internal Pterygoid?

A

Medial Pterygoid

89
Q

How many incisors does an adult have?

90
Q

How many canines does an adult have?

91
Q

How many premolars does an adult have?

92
Q

How many molars does an adult have?

93
Q

Cleft Lip occurs when the _______ does not fuse.

A

Premaxillary suture

94
Q

The palatine tonsils are nestled between the ______ and the _______.

A

Anterior Faucial Pillars

Posterior Faucial Pillars

95
Q

Are the passive forces of the upper airway apparatus involved in phonation?

103
Q

In cleft palate, the _______ does not fuse.

A

Maxillary plate

104
Q

What is the main innervation for the Muscles of Mastication?

A

CN V

Trigeminal Nerve

Speech Anatomy & Physiology (15 decks)

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