2.01 - Respiration for Speech Flashcards
What are the three components of Speech Production?
SOURCE - Respiratory System
SOUND - Phonatory System
SOUND SHAPER - Articulatory System
Does anatomy bend to the laws of physics?
Yes
Gases are comprised of molecules that are in ___________.
Constant motion
Pressure refers to the ______ of the gas over a ______.
Force
Given surface area
What is the formula for Pressure?
P = force / area
What is Brownian Movement?
That the molecules of gases are in constant movement
What is Boyle’s Law?
For a gas at a given temperature, PRESSURE and VOLUME are inversely proportional to each other
When volume goes up, pressure goes down.
What is the formula for Boyle’s Law?
P x V = K
What does positive pressure do?
Pushes
What is another word for negative pressure?
Vacuum
Equilibrium is the stae of rest or balance due to the ______ of ______.
Equivalent effects
Opposing forces
Gases and fluids molecules move from areas of _______ to areas of _______.
High Pressure
Low Pressure
When a structure is stretched beyond its resting state, it has the ___________.
Kinetic energy for recoil
What is recoil?
(2)
Returning to the resting state
Something stretched wants to relax
Is recoil active or passive?
Passive
During Inhalation, what three things happen?
The lungs become larger (more volume)
Lung pressure decreases (Negative pressure)
Air flows inward from the atmosphere
During Exhalation, what three things happen?
The lungs become smaller (less volume)
Lung pressure increases (Positive pressure)
Air flows outward.
During Inhalation ________ and ________.
Volume increases
Pressure decreases
During Exhalation ________ and ________.
Volume decreases
Pressure increases
What is Negative Pressure?
When pressure decreases
What is Positive Pressure?
When pressure increases
What are the four components of the Respiratory Pump?
Active forces (muscular)
Passive forces (nonmuscular, recoil, gravity)
Air itself (behavior of gas & pressure, physics)
Air passageways (pulmonary structures)
Do the lungs attach to the ribs? What does this do?
Yes
Expanding the ribs expands the lungs
What are the upper seven ribs called? What do they attach to?
True Ribs
Sternum via cartilige
What are the 8-10 ribs called? What do they attach to?
False ribs
They attach to a cartiligous extension than then attaches to sternum
What are the last 2-3 ribs called? Why?
Floating ribs
They do not attach to cartilige or the sternum
The Sacral Vertebrae are _____.
Fused
How many Coccyx Vertebrae are there?
One
What does the word “foremen” refer to?
A hole
What is the TOP of the Bony Box?
The Pectoral Girdle
What comprises the Pectoral Girdle?
(3)
Clavicles
Scapulae
Humerus
What is the BOTTOM of the Bony Box?
Pelvic Girdle
What comprises the Pelvic Girdle?
(5)
Illium
Ischium
Pelvic Bone
Sacrum
Coccyx
What is the FRONT of the Bony box?
(2)
Sternum
Anterior apects of the ribs
What is the SIDE of the Bony Box?
Ribs
What is the BACK of the Bony Box?
Vertebral column
What is the Diaphragm?
(2)
A large, domed-shaped muscle
It separates the lungs from the abdominal cavity
What is the single, most important muscle for Inspiration?
Diaphragm
Withough the diaphragm, is it EXTREMELY difficult to to breathe and even more difficult to speak?
Yes
When the Diaphragm contracts, the lung area ______. This ______ pressure in the lungs relative to the _________.
Increases
Decreases
Atmosphere
What is happening when the Diaphragm is maximally DOMED?
It is continuing speech or exhalation past the normal air capacity
What is happening when the Diaphragm is maximally FLATTENED?
Inhalation
How many attachements does the diaphram have?
LOTS!
When does the diaphragm become completely flat?
Never. It is aways domed/rounded.
Where does the abdominal cavity fit into the bony box?
It starts at the last ribs and ends at the pelvis
What does URI stand for?
Upper Respiratory Infection
How many lobs does the LEFT lung have?
2 (due to the heart)
How many lobs does the RIGHT lung have?
3
Emphysema causes the walls of the ______ to be destroyed.
Alveolar septae
What are the Alveolar Septae?
Walls of air sacs
Emphysema causes the alveoli become ______, ______ and __________.
Larger
Irregular
Decrease in number
Emphysema causes the __________ to be impaired and the ability to__________ is poor.
Diffusion of O2 and CO2
Exchange gases
How does smoking increase wrinkles?
Decreased collagen
Decreased elasticity of tissues.
Label the following:
A = Superior Vertebral Notch
B = Superior Costal Facet
C = Inferior Costal Facet
D = Inferior Vertebral Notch
E = Spinous Process
F = Transverse Costal Process
G = Pedicle
H = Superior Articular Facet
Label the following:
A = Spinous Process
B = Transverse Process
C = Superior Articular Process
D = Corpus
E = Superior Costal Facet
F = Transverse Costal Facet
G = Vertebral Foremen
What goes into the Vertebral Corpus?
Spinal Cord
What goes into the Costal Facets?
Ribs
Label the following:
A = Manubrosternal Angle
B = Articulating Facets (for other ribs)
C = Corpus Sterni
D = Ensiform Process
Label the following:
A = Suprasternal Notch
B = Clavicle Articular Facet
C = Manubrium Sterni
D = First Rib Articular Facet
What is another name for the Ensiform Process?
Xiphoid Process
Label the following:
A = Right Phrenic Nerve
B = Left Phrenic Nerve
C = Mediastinum
Label the following:
A = Pubis
B = Pubic Symphysis
C = Ischium
D = Ilium
E = Iliac Crest
What goes through the hole between the Ischium and the Pubis?
Nerves & vascular tissue
Label the following:
A = Sacrum
B = Coccyx
Label the following:
A = Breathing Apparatus
B = Pulmonary Apparatus
C = Chest Wall
D = Pulmonary-Chest Wall Unit
Label the following:
A = Opening for Vena Cava (Vein)
B = Central Tendon
C = Opening for Aorta
D = Vertebral Attachment
E = Rib Attachment
F = Opening for Esophagus
G = Sternal Attachement
Label the following:
A = Maximally Domed
B = Maximally Flattened
C = Resting Shape
How does the Diaphragm move? What is this part?
Up and down, to the sides, FRONTWARDS, to the back
Central tendon
What connects the diaphragm to the spine?
Central tendon
Label the following:
A = Vertebral column
B = Scapula
C = Cervical Verebrae
D = Thoracic Vertebrae
E = Lumbar Vertebrae
F = Sacral Verebrae
G = Coccygeal Vertebrae
Label the following:
A = Clavicle
B = Humerus
C = Ribs
D = Pelvic Girdle
E = Costal Cartilage
F = Sternum
Label the following:
A = Blood from tissue
B = Gas
C = CO2
D = O2
E = Blood to Tissue
Label the following:
A = Upper Respiratory Tract
B = Lower Respiratory Tract
Label the following:
A = Nasal Cavity
B = Pharynx
C = Larynx
D = Trachea
E = Primary Bronchi
F = Lungs
What are the Active forces involved in the Respiratory Pump?
Muscular
What are the Passive Forces involved in the Respiratory Pump?
(3)
The ones that are nonmuscular
Recoil
Gravity
How is the Air Itself involved in the Respiratory Pump?
(2)
Behavior of gas & pressure
Physics
How are the Air Passageways involved in the Respiratory Pump?
Pulmonary structures
What are the Bronchiole?
The branches in the lungs that hold the aveoli
What is the capillary bed?
(2)
It wraps around aveoli
Allows for gas exchange
What is Intraoral Pressure?
The pressure in the mouth
What is Subglottal Pressure?
The pressure below the vocal folds
What is Alveolar Pressure?
(2)
The pressure in the aveoli
The pressure in the lungs
What is Intrapleural Pressure?
The pressure between the pleural linings
What is a Spirogram? What is on each axis?
(3)
A graph of what’s going on in the lungs
X=Axis = Time
Y-Axis = Lung Volume
When the diaphragm relaxes it ________.
Goes up and back
What four things does the diaphragm connect to?
Spine
Ribs
Sternum
Vertebrae
What is relaxation pressure?
Recoil of muscle and tissue
What is relaxation pressure proportional to?
Lung volume
Alveolar pressure
What is a Surfactent?
The lubricating substance that connects the pleura and causes them to act as one
What is Pnemothorax?
The air between the pleura
