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Speech Anatomy & Physiology > 2.01 - Respiration for Speech > Flashcards

2.01 - Respiration for Speech Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three components of Speech Production?

A

SOURCE - Respiratory System

SOUND - Phonatory System

SOUND SHAPER - Articulatory System

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2
Q

Does anatomy bend to the laws of physics?

A

Yes

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3
Q

Gases are comprised of molecules that are in ___________.

A

Constant motion

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4
Q

Pressure refers to the ______ of the gas over a ______.

A

Force

Given surface area

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5
Q

What is the formula for Pressure?

A

P = force / area

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6
Q

What is Brownian Movement?

A

That the molecules of gases are in constant movement

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7
Q

What is Boyle’s Law?

A

For a gas at a given temperature, PRESSURE and VOLUME are inversely proportional to each other

When volume goes up, pressure goes down.

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8
Q

What is the formula for Boyle’s Law?

A

P x V = K

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9
Q

What does positive pressure do?

A

Pushes

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10
Q

What is another word for negative pressure?

A

Vacuum

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11
Q

Equilibrium is the stae of rest or balance due to the ______ of ______.

A

Equivalent effects

Opposing forces

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12
Q

Gases and fluids molecules move from areas of _______ to areas of _______.

A

High Pressure

Low Pressure

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13
Q

When a structure is stretched beyond its resting state, it has the ___________.

A

Kinetic energy for recoil

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14
Q

What is recoil?

(2)

A

Returning to the resting state

Something stretched wants to relax

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15
Q

Is recoil active or passive?

A

Passive

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16
Q

During Inhalation, what three things happen?

A

The lungs become larger (more volume)

Lung pressure decreases (Negative pressure)

Air flows inward from the atmosphere

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17
Q

During Exhalation, what three things happen?

A

The lungs become smaller (less volume)

Lung pressure increases (Positive pressure)

Air flows outward.

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18
Q

During Inhalation ________ and ________.

A

Volume increases

Pressure decreases

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19
Q

During Exhalation ________ and ________.

A

Volume decreases

Pressure increases

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20
Q

What is Negative Pressure?

A

When pressure decreases

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21
Q

What is Positive Pressure?

A

When pressure increases

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22
Q

What are the four components of the Respiratory Pump?

A

Active forces (muscular)

Passive forces (nonmuscular, recoil, gravity)

Air itself (behavior of gas & pressure, physics)

Air passageways (pulmonary structures)

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23
Q

Do the lungs attach to the ribs? What does this do?

A

Yes

Expanding the ribs expands the lungs

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24
Q

What are the upper seven ribs called? What do they attach to?

A

True Ribs

Sternum via cartilige

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25
Q

What are the 8-10 ribs called? What do they attach to?

A

False ribs

They attach to a cartiligous extension than then attaches to sternum

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26
Q

What are the last 2-3 ribs called? Why?

A

Floating ribs

They do not attach to cartilige or the sternum

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27
Q

The Sacral Vertebrae are _____.

A

Fused

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28
Q

How many Coccyx Vertebrae are there?

A

One

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29
Q

What does the word “foremen” refer to?

A

A hole

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30
Q

What is the TOP of the Bony Box?

A

The Pectoral Girdle

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31
Q

What comprises the Pectoral Girdle?

(3)

A

Clavicles

Scapulae

Humerus

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32
Q

What is the BOTTOM of the Bony Box?

A

Pelvic Girdle

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33
Q

What comprises the Pelvic Girdle?

(5)

A

Illium

Ischium

Pelvic Bone

Sacrum

Coccyx

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34
Q

What is the FRONT of the Bony box?

(2)

A

Sternum

Anterior apects of the ribs

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35
Q

What is the SIDE of the Bony Box?

A

Ribs

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36
Q

What is the BACK of the Bony Box?

A

Vertebral column

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37
Q

What is the Diaphragm?

(2)

A

A large, domed-shaped muscle

It separates the lungs from the abdominal cavity

38
Q

What is the single, most important muscle for Inspiration?

A

Diaphragm

39
Q

Withough the diaphragm, is it EXTREMELY difficult to to breathe and even more difficult to speak?

A

Yes

40
Q

When the Diaphragm contracts, the lung area ______. This ______ pressure in the lungs relative to the _________.

A

Increases

Decreases

Atmosphere

41
Q

What is happening when the Diaphragm is maximally DOMED?

A

It is continuing speech or exhalation past the normal air capacity

42
Q

What is happening when the Diaphragm is maximally FLATTENED?

A

Inhalation

43
Q

How many attachements does the diaphram have?

A

LOTS!

44
Q

When does the diaphragm become completely flat?

A

Never. It is aways domed/rounded.

45
Q

Where does the abdominal cavity fit into the bony box?

A

It starts at the last ribs and ends at the pelvis

46
Q

What does URI stand for?

A

Upper Respiratory Infection

47
Q

How many lobs does the LEFT lung have?

A

2 (due to the heart)

48
Q

How many lobs does the RIGHT lung have?

A

3

49
Q

Emphysema causes the walls of the ______ to be destroyed.

A

Alveolar septae

50
Q

What are the Alveolar Septae?

A

Walls of air sacs

51
Q

Emphysema causes the alveoli become ______, ______ and __________.

A

Larger

Irregular

Decrease in number

52
Q

Emphysema causes the __________ to be impaired and the ability to__________ is poor.

A

Diffusion of O2 and CO2

Exchange gases

53
Q

How does smoking increase wrinkles?

A

Decreased collagen

Decreased elasticity of tissues.

54
Q

Label the following:

A

A = Superior Vertebral Notch

B = Superior Costal Facet

C = Inferior Costal Facet

D = Inferior Vertebral Notch

E = Spinous Process

F = Transverse Costal Process

G = Pedicle

H = Superior Articular Facet

55
Q

Label the following:

A

A = Spinous Process

B = Transverse Process

C = Superior Articular Process

D = Corpus

E = Superior Costal Facet

F = Transverse Costal Facet

G = Vertebral Foremen

56
Q

What goes into the Vertebral Corpus?

A

Spinal Cord

57
Q

What goes into the Costal Facets?

A

Ribs

58
Q

Label the following:

A

A = Manubrosternal Angle

B = Articulating Facets (for other ribs)

C = Corpus Sterni

D = Ensiform Process

59
Q

Label the following:

A

A = Suprasternal Notch

B = Clavicle Articular Facet

C = Manubrium Sterni

D = First Rib Articular Facet

60
Q

What is another name for the Ensiform Process?

A

Xiphoid Process

61
Q

Label the following:

A

A = Right Phrenic Nerve

B = Left Phrenic Nerve

C = Mediastinum

62
Q

Label the following:

A

A = Pubis

B = Pubic Symphysis

C = Ischium

D = Ilium

E = Iliac Crest

63
Q

What goes through the hole between the Ischium and the Pubis?

A

Nerves & vascular tissue

64
Q

Label the following:

A

A = Sacrum

B = Coccyx

65
Q

Label the following:

A

A = Breathing Apparatus

B = Pulmonary Apparatus

C = Chest Wall

D = Pulmonary-Chest Wall Unit

66
Q

Label the following:

A

A = Opening for Vena Cava (Vein)

B = Central Tendon

C = Opening for Aorta

D = Vertebral Attachment

E = Rib Attachment

F = Opening for Esophagus

G = Sternal Attachement

67
Q

Label the following:

A

A = Maximally Domed

B = Maximally Flattened

C = Resting Shape

68
Q

How does the Diaphragm move? What is this part?

A

Up and down, to the sides, FRONTWARDS, to the back

Central tendon

69
Q

What connects the diaphragm to the spine?

A

Central tendon

70
Q

Label the following:

A

A = Vertebral column

B = Scapula

C = Cervical Verebrae

D = Thoracic Vertebrae

E = Lumbar Vertebrae

F = Sacral Verebrae

G = Coccygeal Vertebrae

71
Q

Label the following:

A

A = Clavicle

B = Humerus

C = Ribs

D = Pelvic Girdle

E = Costal Cartilage

F = Sternum

72
Q

Label the following:

A

A = Blood from tissue

B = Gas

C = CO2

D = O2

E = Blood to Tissue

73
Q

Label the following:

A

A = Upper Respiratory Tract

B = Lower Respiratory Tract

74
Q

Label the following:

A

A = Nasal Cavity

B = Pharynx

C = Larynx

D = Trachea

E = Primary Bronchi

F = Lungs

75
Q

What are the Active forces involved in the Respiratory Pump?

A

Muscular

76
Q

What are the Passive Forces involved in the Respiratory Pump?

(3)

A

The ones that are nonmuscular

Recoil

Gravity

77
Q

How is the Air Itself involved in the Respiratory Pump?

(2)

A

Behavior of gas & pressure

Physics

78
Q

How are the Air Passageways involved in the Respiratory Pump?

A

Pulmonary structures

79
Q

What are the Bronchiole?

A

The branches in the lungs that hold the aveoli

80
Q

What is the capillary bed?

(2)

A

It wraps around aveoli

Allows for gas exchange

81
Q

What is Intraoral Pressure?

A

The pressure in the mouth

82
Q

What is Subglottal Pressure?

A

The pressure below the vocal folds

83
Q

What is Alveolar Pressure?

(2)

A

The pressure in the aveoli

The pressure in the lungs

84
Q

What is Intrapleural Pressure?

A

The pressure between the pleural linings

85
Q

What is a Spirogram? What is on each axis?

(3)

A

A graph of what’s going on in the lungs

X=Axis = Time

Y-Axis = Lung Volume

86
Q

When the diaphragm relaxes it ________.

A

Goes up and back

87
Q

What four things does the diaphragm connect to?

A

Spine

Ribs

Sternum

Vertebrae

88
Q

What is relaxation pressure?

A

Recoil of muscle and tissue

89
Q

What is relaxation pressure proportional to?

A

Lung volume

Alveolar pressure

90
Q

What is a Surfactent?

A

The lubricating substance that connects the pleura and causes them to act as one

91
Q

What is Pnemothorax?

A

The air between the pleura

Speech Anatomy & Physiology (15 decks)

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