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Speech Anatomy & Physiology > 3.03 - Phonation C > Flashcards

3.03 - Phonation C Flashcards

1
Q

What three things can cause adjustments to the Laryngeal Apparatus?

A

Vocal Fold Vibration (Phonation)

Glottal Size & Shape

Vocal Fold length, stiffness, & tension

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2
Q

What five things affect Phonation?

A

Vocal fold adduction

Generation of subglottal pressure

Vertical Phase Difference

Horizontal Phase Difference

Muscosal Wave

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3
Q

The vocal folds are adducted and held in place by what three things?

A

Muscular force

Surface tension

Gravity

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4
Q

Alveolar pressure is raised by volume ______.

A

Compression

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5
Q

_____ builds up and blows apart the vocal folds.

A

Subglottal pressure

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6
Q

_____ start to bring the vocal fold back together.

A

Recoild forces

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7
Q

Air flow begins to diverge, decreasing pressure, and sucking the vocal folds back together. What is this called?

A

Bernoulli effect

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8
Q

What might you be doing if you have no glottis?

A

Coughing

Thoracic fixation

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9
Q

What might you be doing if you have a small glottis?

A

Breathing

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10
Q

What is the difference between Vocal Fold Length and Effective Vocal Fold Length?

A

Vocal Fold Length = Anatomical length

Effective Vocal Fold Length = What’s being used. What’s vibrating.

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11
Q

What is Medial Compression?

A

When the vocal folds are pressed tightly together

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12
Q

What is needed when there is more Medial Compression?

A

More subglottal pressure to blow them apart

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13
Q

Do you need more Medial Compression when you are being loud or when you are being soft?

A

Loud

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14
Q

What muscles create Medial Compression?

A

LCA

Oblique Arytenoid

Transverse Arytenoid

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15
Q

What is tension?

A

How tight something is

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16
Q

What does increased tension cause?

A

Higher pitch

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17
Q

What will cause more tension in the vocal folds?

A

Lengthening

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18
Q

What is Stiffness?

A

How much something moves in response to a given force

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19
Q

What will increasing stiffness cause?

2

A

Increase in loudness

Lowers pitch

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20
Q

Are swollen vocal folds more tense or more stiff?

A

More stiff

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21
Q

What is the main muscle that lengthens the vocal folds

A

Cricothyroid

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22
Q

What muscles creates vocal fold stiffness?

A

Pars Rectus Cricothyroid

Thyroarytenoid

PCA (Antagonis

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23
Q

What are the three types of sound created by the vocal folds?

A

Pop (glottal stop)

Turbulence (hissing)

Quasiperiodic (buzzing, holding a tone)

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24
Q

What are the three parameters of the glottal tone?

A

F0

SPL (sound pressure level)

HNR (harmonic to noise ratio)

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25
Q

What does HNR change?

A

Voice quality

26
Q

What is another word for harmonics?

A

Overtones

27
Q

What four things change F0?

A

Stiffness of the vocal folds

Effective vibrating mass

Longitudinal tension (tension along length)

“Vertical Height”

28
Q

What can raise F0?

A

Increase in vocal fold length

Decrease in cross sectional mass

Increase in longitudinal tension

Laryngeal elevators (raise larynx)

29
Q

What muscles can cause an increase in vocal fold length?

A

Cricothyroid (pulls thyroid forward and down)

30
Q

What muscles can cause a decrease in cross sectional area?

A

Pars rectus cricothyroid

31
Q

What muscles can cause an increase in longitudinal tension?

A

Thyroarytenoid w/ PCA as antagonis

32
Q

What lowers F0?

A

When pitch is near the lower limits of the pitch range

When the vocal folds relax thus increasing mass

Laryngeal depressors

33
Q

What causes glottal fry?

A

Speaking a pitch too low for your anatomy

34
Q

What happens when the muscularis contracts unopposed?

A

It lowers pitch

35
Q

What vocal fold layer holds the vocal ligament?

A

Intermediate lamina properia

Deep lamina properia

36
Q

Does pitch stay consistent in conversation?

A

No

37
Q

What are the three voice registers?

A

Pulse

Modal

Loft

38
Q

What is the Pulse Register?

3

A

Low end of frequency range

High in harmonics

Low in sound pressure

39
Q

What is the Modal Register?

3

A

Mid Range

“Chest Voice”

Lower part of this range used in typical speech

40
Q

What is the Loft Register?

A

High end of frequency range

Low in harmonics

High in sound pressure

“Head voice” / Falsetto

41
Q

We need more ____ to raise pitch.

A

Pressure

42
Q

What is Optimal Pitch?

3

A

Where your voice pitch should be

1/4 octave above lowest frequency

1/3 of the way up your range

43
Q

What is Optimal Pitch based on?

A

Frequencies of throat clearing or coughing

44
Q

What is Habitual Pitch?

A

The pitch you normally speak at

Can be abnormally high or low

45
Q

Can psychological factors affect pitch?

A

Yes

46
Q

Sound pressure level relates primarily to ______ and the _______.

A

Subglottal pressure

Duration of the phrase

47
Q

The _____ the vocal folds are held together the _____ it is to be loud.

A

Longer

Easier

48
Q

Loudness is a _______ Correlate. What does this mean?

A

Psychophysical

You can experience it

49
Q

What three things changes glottal tone intensity?

A

Subglottal pressure

Duration of the phrase

Medial Compression

50
Q

Loud speech needs a longer ____ phase.

A

Closed

51
Q

When the vocal folds are stretched/lengthened, there is increased ________

A

Longitudinal tension

52
Q

If vocal fold stretching is opposed by the Thryoarytenoid without affect length, what happens? What do we call this?

A

Maximum tension

Opposed contraction of the muscle

53
Q

What happens when the Cricothyroid and Thyroarytenoid are activated simultaneously?

A

Both loudness and pitch can increase

54
Q

Does amplitude stay consistent in conversational speech?

A

No

55
Q

What are some different Vocal Qualities?

A

Harshness

Breathiness

Stidentness

Roughness

Lightness

Smoothness

Clearness

Hoarseness

56
Q

What causes changes in Vocal Quality?

A

Longitudinal tension

Mass per unit length

Medial Compression

Subglottal pressure

Symmetry of the vocal folds

57
Q

What is the the more important cause of vocal quality?

A

Symmetry of the vocal folds

58
Q

Can we measure vocal quality by machine?

A

No

59
Q

The vocal fold layers begin at the _____ and taper off as they reach the wall of the _____.

A

Cricoid cartilage

Ventricule

60
Q

What is a lesion that can decrease body stiffness relative to the cover?

A

Flaccid paralysis

61
Q

What is two lesions that can increase vocal fold body stiffness?

A

Spastic paralysis

Spasmodic dysphonia

62
Q

What are four legions that can affect the vocal fold cover?

A

Nodules

Polyps

Papilloma

Reinke’s Edema

Speech Anatomy & Physiology (15 decks)

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