40. Consolidation Flashcards
What characteristics listed below are common features of many neurodevelopmental disorders?
A. NDDs are so named because the symptoms appear just after birth
B. The most debilitating symptoms of NDD are the cognitive and memory impairments
C. Most NDDs have a very strong monogenic component and are highly heritable
D. Genetic and environmental factors contribute to the development of NDDs
What characteristics listed below are common features of many neurodevelopmental disorders?
A. NDDs are so named because the symptoms appear just after birth
B. The most debilitating symptoms of NDD are the cognitive and memory impairments
C. Most NDDs have a very strong monogenic component and are highly heritable
D. Genetic and environmental factors contribute to the development of NDDs
The excitatory/inhibitory theory for NDDs states that ….
A. All NDDs are caused by hyperactivity of the excitatory circuits in the developing brain
B. All NDDs are caused by a shift in balance away from the inhibitory circuits
C. NDDs result from the failure of homeostatic mechanisms to regularise excitatory-inhibitory activity in the brain
D. NDDs are caused by the inability of GABAergic neurons to switch from being excitatory to inhibitory
The excitatory/inhibitory theory for NDDs states that ….
A. All NDDs are caused by hyperactivity of the excitatory circuits in the developing brain
B. All NDDs are caused by a shift in balance away from the inhibitory circuits
C. NDDs result from the failure of homeostatic mechanisms to regularise excitatory-inhibitory activity in the brain
D. NDDs are caused by the inability of GABAergic neurons to switch from being excitatory to inhibitory
The pharmaceutical company, Mentalhealth Inc has decided to focus their drug development efforts on drug therapies for schizophrenia. Executives of the company strongly believe in the “Two Hit Hypothesis for Schizophrenia” and that this represents a new direction for the development of novel drug candidates. They have been asked to prepare a business case for the board to persuade them to invest in this new strategy.
Firstly, which of the following groups would be listed as the current, front line treatment for schizophrenia?
A. Anti-depressants and anti-anxiety agents
B. Cognitive enhancers and anti-anxiety agents
C. Anti-psychotic agents and cognitive behavioural therapy
D. Anti-depressants and electroconvulsive therapy
Firstly, which of the following groups would be listed as the current, front line treatment for schizophrenia?
A. Anti-depressants and anti-anxiety agents
B. Cognitive enhancers and anti-anxiety agents
C. Anti-psychotic agents and cognitive behavioural therapy
D. Anti-depressants and electroconvulsive therapy
The pharmaceutical company, Mentalhealth Inc has decided to focus their drug development efforts on drug therapies for schizophrenia. Executives of the company strongly believe in the “Two Hit Hypothesis for Schizophrenia” and that this represents a new direction for the development of novel drug candidates. They have been asked to prepare a business case for the board to persuade them to invest in this new strategy.
Based on the two-hit theory of schizophrenia, which of the following groups of drugs could be explored as a potential preventative strategy following the second-wave hit
A. Amphetamine and neuroleptic agents
B. Antibiotics and anti-anxiety agents
C. Anti-psychotic agents and cognitive behavioural therapy
D. Anti-depressants and anti-anxiety agents
Based on the two-hit theory of schizophrenia, which of the following groups of drugs could be explored as a potential preventative strategy following the second-wave hit
A. Amphetamine and neuroleptic agents
B. Antibiotics and anti-anxiety agents
C. Anti-psychotic agents and cognitive behavioural therapy
D. Anti-depressants and anti-anxiety agents
The pharmaceutical company, Mentalhealth Inc has decided to focus their drug development efforts on drug therapies for schizophrenia. Executives of the company strongly believe in the “Two Hit Hypothesis for Schizophrenia” and that this represents a new direction for the development of novel drug candidates. They have been asked to prepare a business case for the board to persuade them to invest in this new strategy.
Based on the two-hit theory of schizophrenia, which of the animal models listed below would be best suited to test the novel preventative therapies in
A. Phencyclidine (PCP) model
B. DISC 1 mutant mouse model
C. Lesion of the neonatal ventral hippocampus
D. Neuregulin over-expressing mouse model
Based on the two-hit theory of schizophrenia, which of the animal models listed below would be best suited to test the novel preventative therapies in
A. Phencyclidine (PCP) model
B. DISC 1 mutant mouse model
C. Lesion of the neonatal ventral hippocampus
D. Neuregulin over-expressing mouse model
What characteristics listed below are common features of many neurodegenerative disorders?
A. Many neurodegenerative disorders have defects in protein handling which result in accumulation and aggregation of the proteins
B. The most readily detectable symptom of all neurodegenerative disorders is the cognitive impairment
C. Most neurodegenerative disorders involve the degeneration of a common neuronal pathway
D. Causative gene mutations contribute to a significant proportion of most neurodegenerative disorders
What characteristics listed below are common features of many neurodegenerative disorders?
A. Many neurodegenerative disorders have defects in protein handling which result in accumulation and aggregation of the proteins
B. The most readily detectable symptom of all neurodegenerative disorders is the cognitive impairment
C. Most neurodegenerative disorders involve the degeneration of a common neuronal pathway
D. Causative gene mutations contribute to a significant proportion of most neurodegenerative disorders
Caloric restriction has been shown to extend lifespan. Which of the following signalling pathways associated with nutrient sensing, in your opinion, should be targeted to prevent the development ageassociated disorders?
A. phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase
B. Akt
C. mTOR
D. All 3
Caloric restriction has been shown to extend lifespan. Which of the following signalling pathways associated with nutrient sensing, in your opinion, should be targeted to prevent the development ageassociated disorders?
A. phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase
B. Akt
C. mTOR
D. All 3
Family members of a 55 year old woman named Sara have noticed that her memory has deteriorated significantly over the past few months. They also observed that during her birthday celebration, she was confused and did not know what to do with her presents or with the birthday candles and cake. Moreover, Sara has been showing increasing signs of aggression and agitation and has been withdrawing from social events including card games with her friends.
The family members suspect that Sara is showing signs of Alzheimer’s dementia. What tests should be conducted to aid with the diagnosis?
A. Cognitive tests (MMSE), PET (using PiB) and MRI scans
B. Motor coordination tests, PET (using 18FDG) and MRI scans
C. Genetic tests to look for mutations in at risk genes
D. Alzheimer’s disease cannot be diagnosed
The family members suspect that Sara is showing signs of Alzheimer’s dementia. What tests should be conducted to aid with the diagnosis?
A. Cognitive tests (MMSE), PET (using PiB) and MRI scans
B. Motor coordination tests, PET (using 18FDG) and MRI scans
C. Genetic tests to look for mutations in at risk genes
D. Alzheimer’s disease cannot be diagnosed
Family members of a 55 year old woman named Sara have noticed that her memory has deteriorated significantly over the past few months. They also observed that during her birthday celebration, she was confused and did not know what to do with her presents or with the birthday candles and cake. Moreover, Sara has been showing increasing signs of aggression and agitation and has been withdrawing from social events including card games with her friends.
Sara’s family knows that there is no cure for Alzheimer’s dementia but is aware of the promising drugs in the preclinical stages of development that have been shown to arrest the progression of the disease. If Sara does have Alzheimer’s dementia, in your opinion, what would be the best clinical trial to sign her up to?
A. Trials testing more effective cognitive enhancing agents
B. Trials on novel anti-inflammatory agents
C. Trials testing amyloid intervention therapies
D. Trials on neurotrophic agents such as nerve growth factor
Sara’s family knows that there is no cure for Alzheimer’s dementia but is aware of the promising drugs in the preclinical stages of development that have been shown to arrest the progression of the disease. If Sara does have Alzheimer’s dementia, in your opinion, what would be the best clinical trial to sign her up to?
A. Trials testing more effective cognitive enhancing agents
B. Trials on novel anti-inflammatory agents
C. Trials testing amyloid intervention therapies
D. Trials on neurotrophic agents such as nerve growth factor
Family members of a 55 year old woman named Sara have noticed that her memory has deteriorated significantly over the past few months. They also observed that during her birthday celebration, she was confused and did not know what to do with her presents or with the birthday candles and cake. Moreover, Sara has been showing increasing signs of aggression and agitation and has been withdrawing from social events including card games with her friends.
The early onset of dementia in Sara’s case is highly indicative of the familial form of Alzheimer’s dementia. Which of the following genes should be investigated to confirm this?
A. Microtubule associated protein tau (MAPT)
B. Amyloid precursor protein (APP)
C. ApoE
D. Both the MAPT and APP
The early onset of dementia in Sara’s case is highly indicative of the familial form of Alzheimer’s dementia. Which of the following genes should be investigated to confirm this?
A. Microtubule associated protein tau (MAPT)
B. Amyloid precursor protein (APP)
C. ApoE
D. Both the MAPT and APP
