38. Alzheimer's Disease Flashcards
Define
Vascular dementia
dementia (as multi-infarct dementia) of abrupt or gradual onset that is caused by cerebrovascular disease
Define
Frontotemporal dementia
any of several degenerative brain diseases that are caused by progressive atrophic changes in the frontal or temporal lobes, that usually start in late middle age, that result in changes to behavior and personality (such as impulsiveness, social impropriety, and apathy) and typically impaired language function, and that lead in advanced cases to a profound decline in cognitive and language functioning
Define
Lewy body dementia
a dementia with an onset typically after the age of 60 that is marked by the presence of Lewy bodies in the cytoplasm of cortical neurons and is characterized chiefly by a progressive decline in cognitive functioning, fluctuations in attention and alertness, recurrent visual hallucinations, and parkinsonian symptoms (such as tremor and muscle rigidity)
Define
Tau protein
a protein that binds to and regulates the assembly and stability of neuronal microtubules and that is found in an abnormal form as the major component of neurofibrillary tangles
Define
AB1-40
major form of AB that is secreted, lower tendency to aggregate, thought to have neurotrophic tendency
Define
AB1-42
form of AB produced in low quantities, more prone to form oligomers, protofibrils and fibrils, main form in amyloid plaques
Define
Neurofibrillary tangles
a pathological accumulation of paired helical filaments composed of abnormally formed tau protein that is found chiefly in the cytoplasm of neurons of the brain and especially the cerebral cortex and hippocampus and that occurs typically in Alzheimer’s disease
Define
Alzheimer’s disease (AD)
a degenerative brain disease of unknown cause that is the most common form of dementia, that usually starts in late middle age or in old age, that results in progressive memory loss, impaired thinking, disorientation, and changes in personality and mood, and that is marked histologically by the degeneration of brain neurons especially in the cerebral cortex and by the presence of neurofibrillary tangles and plaques containing beta-amyloid
Definition
dementia (as multi-infarct dementia) of abrupt or gradual onset that is caused by cerebrovascular disease
Vascular dementia
Definition
any of several degenerative brain diseases that are caused by progressive atrophic changes in the frontal or temporal lobes, that usually start in late middle age, that result in changes to behavior and personality (such as impulsiveness, social impropriety, and apathy) and typically impaired language function, and that lead in advanced cases to a profound decline in cognitive and language functioning
Frontotemporal dementia
Definition
a dementia with an onset typically after the age of 60 that is marked by the presence of Lewy bodies in the cytoplasm of cortical neurons and is characterized chiefly by a progressive decline in cognitive functioning, fluctuations in attention and alertness, recurrent visual hallucinations, and parkinsonian symptoms (such as tremor and muscle rigidity)
Lewy body dementia
Definition
a protein that binds to and regulates the assembly and stability of neuronal microtubules and that is found in an abnormal form as the major component of neurofibrillary tangles
Tau protein
Definition
major form of AB that is secreted, lower tendency to aggregate, thought to have neurotrophic tendency
AB1-40
Definition
form of AB produced in low quantities, more prone to form oligomers, protofibrils and fibrils, main form in amyloid plaques
AB1-42
Definition
a pathological accumulation of paired helical filaments composed of abnormally formed tau protein that is found chiefly in the cytoplasm of neurons of the brain and especially the cerebral cortex and hippocampus and that occurs typically in Alzheimer’s disease
Neurofibrillary tangles
Definition
a degenerative brain disease of unknown cause that is the most common form of dementia, that usually starts in late middle age or in old age, that results in progressive memory loss, impaired thinking, disorientation, and changes in personality and mood, and that is marked histologically by the degeneration of brain neurons especially in the cerebral cortex and by the presence of neurofibrillary tangles and plaques containing beta-amyloid
Alzheimer’s disease (AD)
What is mild cognitive impairment?
significant memory loss without the loss of other cognitive functions
What is the prevalence of dementia?
An estimated 459,000 Australians currently live with dementia with 10% of individuals over 65 and 30% over 85 affected
What are the gender difference in dementia prevalence?
females are particularly vulnerable contributing to 65% of all dementia-related deaths
What is the most common form of dementia?
Alzheimer’s disease
What are three other forms of dementia that aren’t AD?
Vascular dementia
Frontotemporal dementia
Lewy body dementia
What is the second most common form of dementia?
Vascular dementia