35. Schizophrenia Flashcards
Define
Schizophrenia
a chronic and severe mental disorder affecting 20 million people worldwide characterized by distortions in thinking, perception, emotions, language, sense of self and behaviour
Define
Positive symptoms
highly exaggerated ideas, perceptions, or actions that show the person can’t tell what’s real from what isn’t.
Define
Negative symptoms
refer to an absence or lack of normal mental function involving thinking, behavior, and perception
Define
Two-hit hypothesis
suggests that a prenatal genetic or environmental “first hit” disrupts some aspect of brain development, and establishes increased vulnerability to a second hit that may occur later in life. Neither insult by itself is sufficient to induce schizophrenia.
Define
Copy number variation (CNV)
a phenomenon in which sections of the genome are repeated and the number of repeats in the genome varies between individuals
Define
DISC 1
shown to participate in the regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, neuronal axon and dendrite outgrowth, mitochondrial transport, fission and/or fusion, and cell-to-cell adhesion. Several studies have shown that unregulated expression or altered protein structure of this protein may predispose individuals to the development of schizophrenia
Define
Neuroleptic
tending to reduce nervous tension by depressing nerve functions
Define
Atypical anti-psychotic
thought to be better in treating the negative symptoms of schizophrenia although differences may also be due to fewer adverse effects and/or better patient compliance. Members of this class include amisulpride, aripiprazole, clozapine, olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone and ziprasidone
Definition
a chronic and severe mental disorder affecting 20 million people worldwide characterized by distortions in thinking, perception, emotions, language, sense of self and behaviour
Schizophrenia
Definition
highly exaggerated ideas, perceptions, or actions that show the person can’t tell what’s real from what isn’t.
Positive symptoms
Definition
refer to an absence or lack of normal mental function involving thinking, behavior, and perception
Negative symptoms
Definition
suggests that a prenatal genetic or environmental “first hit” disrupts some aspect of brain development, and establishes increased vulnerability to a second hit that may occur later in life. Neither insult by itself is sufficient to induce schizophrenia.
Two-hit hypothesis
Definition
a phenomenon in which sections of the genome are repeated and the number of repeats in the genome varies between individuals
Copy number variation (CNV)
Definition
shown to participate in the regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, neuronal axon and dendrite outgrowth, mitochondrial transport, fission and/or fusion, and cell-to-cell adhesion. Several studies have shown that unregulated expression or altered protein structure of this protein may predispose individuals to the development of schizophrenia
DISC 1
Definition
tending to reduce nervous tension by depressing nerve functions
Neuroleptic
Definition
thought to be better in treating the negative symptoms of schizophrenia although differences may also be due to fewer adverse effects and/or better patient compliance. Members of this class include amisulpride, aripiprazole, clozapine, olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone and ziprasidone
Atypical anti-psychotic
Why is schozophrenia considered a syndrome?
No single defining symptom or sign, no known diagnostic laboratory test
What are the positive symptoms of schizophrenia?
Positive symptoms include paranoid delusions, hallucinations, thought disorder
What are the negative symptoms of schizophrenia?
Negative symptoms include diminished emotional expression and reaction, diminished participation in interpersonal relationships, loss of energy, drive and interests
