40. congenital and neoplastic disorders of cns Flashcards
list the congenital disorders
hydrocephalus lyssencephalon cerebellar hypoplasia chiari malformation syringomyelia
what is hydrocephalus
abnormal dilation of ventricular system
what types of hydrocephalus do we have
compensatory: CSF in space of lost parenchyma
obstructive: flow or absorption is obstructed
congenital: malformation interfering with flow/absorption
aquired: neoplasia, inflammation
what is the result of hydrocephalus
CSF accumulation - elevated pressure - neuron loss
clinical sign of hydrocephalus
dome shaped cranium, persistent fontanelle
ventrolateral strabismus
seizure, mental alteration, behavior change
therapy for hydrocephalus
anti seizure - diazepam etc?
carbonic anhydrase inhibitor - acetazolamide
proton pump inhibitor - omeprazole
(two above decrease pressure and production of csf)
diuretic - mannitol
corticosteroids
lyssencephalon
lack of gyro and sulci - smooth brain
thick cerebral cortex
abnormal behavior, learning difficulties
cerebellar hypoplasia causes
cat: in utrero infection with feline panleukopenia virus
dog: in utero infection with dog parvo virus
cerebellar hypostasia - what diseases can it come together with
lyssencephalon
hydrocephalus (ventricular dilatation)
chiari like malformation what is it
short cranium and occipital malformation -> herniation of cerebellum through foramen magnum
chiari like malformation symptom, therapy
neck pain, ataxia, paresis, phantom scratching
prednisolone
gabapentin
nsaid
syringomyelia - what is it
cavitation of the spinal chord parenchyma
(hydromyelia: dilatation of central canal of spinal cord)
hard to differentiate the two - often call it syringohydromyelia
syringomyelia cause, location
occur secondary to cerebellar herniation
usually cervical spinal cord, multifactorial or continuous lesion
syringomyelia clinical signs
excessive scratching of ear/neck, ataxia, postural reaction deficit, neuropathic pain
spinal neoplasia classification
extradural
intradural-extramedullary
intramedullary
spinal neoplasia - most common tumor types
primary vertebral:
fibrosarcoma, osteosarcoma, adenocarcinoma, hemangiosarcoma
secondary tumors:
mammary/prostatic carcinomas, malignant melanoma, metastatic osteosarcoma
epidural tumor: lymphoma, metastatic tumor
intrdural-extramedullary: meningioma, peripheral nerve sheath tumor
intramedullar: astrocytoma
spinal neoplasis signs
depend on location
pain
transversal myelopathy
treatment of osteolysis
prednisolone, chemo, radiation
surgical: decompression, removal
intracaranial neoplasia - tumor types
primary: meningioma, glioma
secondary: hemangiosarcoma
intracranial neoplasia - damages
tumor- loss of neurons -> progressive dysfunction
obstructing absorption and flow of CSF
intracranial neoplasia - symptoms
depend on location (circling, ataxia, seizures)
behavioral (dementia, aggression)
focal signs (vestibular signs, strabismus, blindness)
ataxia
