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SAM final oral (2) > 3. pulomnary diseases > Flashcards

3. pulomnary diseases Flashcards

1
Q

pulmonary parenchymal diseases

A 
pneumonia - infectious/aspiration 
eosinophilic bronchopneumopathy 
pulmonary edema 
pulmonary contusion 
smoke inhalation 
ARDS
pulmonary fibrosis 
lung lobe torsion 
pulmonary thromboembolism 
pulmonary neoplasia
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2
Q

classification of pneumonia

A

location: bronchopneumonia, pneumonia, interstitial pneumonia, lobar
origin:
- infectious: bacterial, viral, fungal, parasitic
- non infectious: aspiration, idiopathic
duration
chronic, acute, subacute

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3
Q

bacterial pneumonia causes

A 
secondary to:
viral pneumonia
laryngeal dysfunction 
aspiration 
defect cough reflex 
poor mucociliary clearance 
decreased epithelial layer protection
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4
Q

bacterial pneumonia symptoms

A

lethargy, fever, dyspnoea
coughing, hemoptysis, nasal discharge
exercise intolerance

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5
Q

bacterial pneumonia diagnosis

A

blood: wbc may be increased
xray: alveolar pattern, (bronchiectasis, Megaoesophagus, mass)
bronchoscopy: mass, foreign body, broncho-esophageal fistula,
BAL: cytology

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6
Q

bacterial pneumonia pathogens

A

e. coli, klebsiella, bordatella, pasteurella, pseudomonas, mycoplasma

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7
Q

bacterial pneumonia treatment

A 
AB
bronchodilators 
saline nebulization 
lobectomy?
NO antitussives if pus, blood etc
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8
Q

viral pneumonia pathogens

A

DISTEMPER
CHV, CPIV, CIV, CRCoV
FIP, FHV

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9
Q

viral pneumonia distemper

A

exposure (inhalation, PO)
- replication in macrophages
- viremia -> several tissues - lung
bronchopneumonia, enteritis, encephalitis

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10
Q

viral pneumonia, signs, diagnosis, treat

A 
mucopurulent occulonasal discharge, fever, lethargy 
PCR (blood, urine) 
xray - interstitial, alveolar pattern 
supportive treatment 
ab, fluid, bronchodilators 
antiseizure if needed
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11
Q

fungal pneumonia pathogens

A 
histoplasma 
asperguillus 
blastomyces 
cryptococcus 
pneumocystis
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12
Q

fungal pneumonia diagnosis, therapy

A

BAL: cytology, microbiology
PCR. blood, feacal
itraconazole
fro pneumocystis PotSA trimetoprim sulfa

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13
Q

aspiration pneumonia causes, severity of injury

A

megaesophagus, laryngeal and pharyngeal dysfunction
neuromuscular problem
tracheal tubing
brachycephal airway issue

severity depend on aspirated material
- ph, toxicity, volume
obstruction, inflammation, necrosis, hemorrhage

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14
Q

aspiration pneumonia signs

A

cough, acute onset of respiratory distress, fever, lethargy

cat: wheezes

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15
Q

aspiration pneumonia diagnosis

A

history of vomit and regurgitation

radiography: interstitioalveolar pattern in cranioventral and medial lung lobes
bronchoscopy: BAL for cyto and microbiology
blood: leukocytosis

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16
Q

aspiration pneumonia therapy

A

resp distress:
O2 therapy, fluid therapy (nb edema), remove object
antibiotics
NO steroids!!!!!!

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17
Q

eosinophilic bronchopneumopathy

A

idiopathic chronic inflammation

inflammatory disease, unknownn etiology (hypersensitivity to a endogenous or environmental atg)

18
Q

eosinophilic bronchopneumopathy clinical signs

A

coughing, gagging, difficult breathing
crackling
nasal discharge

19
Q

eosinophilic bronchopneumopathy diagnosis

A

xray: different lung patterns, nodules/masses - eosinophilic granulomatosis
bronchscopy: yellow-green mucous, mucosal thickening, many eosinophils
blood: peripheral eosinophilia

20
Q

eosinophilic bronchopneumopathy therapy

A

gcc at immunosuppressive doses

21
Q

pulmonary edema etiology

A

fluid accumulation in interstitial, alveoli, interalveolar septum

1: increased hydrostatic pressure in lung: left heart fail, increased infusion
2: decreased plasma oncotic pressure. hypoalbuminemia
3: increased vascular permeability
4: impaired lymphatic drainage
5: decreased transpulmonary pressure: upper air obstruction

22
Q

pulmonary edema types

A

non cardiogenic: ARDS, upper airway obstruction

cardiogenic: CHF (left side heart)

23
Q

pulmonary edema symptoms, auscultation

A

dyspnoe, cyanosis, coughing

lung: inspiratory crackle
heart: heart murmur without sinus tachycardia = pulmonary > cardiogenic

24
Q

pulmonary edema radiography

A

cardiogenic: interstitial pattern, cardiomegaly, bigger pulmonary veins
non cardiogenic: absence of enlargement of heart and veins

25
Q

pulmonary edema treatment

A

furosemide
oxygen therapy
sedation: acepromasine

26
Q

smoke inhalation causes, causing

A

heat, hot air, particles, toxic gases

causing: hypovolemic shock, pain, burns

27
Q

smoke inhalation etiology

A

acute phase:
tissue injury-increased capillary permeability- edema, tissue hypoxia. CO gas inhibit Hb binding to oxygen- hypoxia
later phase:
decreased edema, increased mucosal secretion, decreased mucociliar clearance, secondary infections

28
Q

smoke inhalation clinical signs

A

smell of smoke, burns
upper airway stridor, cyanosis, ocular and nasal discharge
some can be wo symptoms in beginning, but then ARDS, infection, edema

29
Q

smoke inhalation treatment

A 
observation for 24-48 hours
oxygen therapy 
fluid (nb edema)
bronchodilators
AB?
analgesics 
steroids?
30
Q

ARDS

A

acute respiratory distress syndrome
acute hyperemic respiratory failure caused by lung injury and increased capillary permeability
special form of pulmonary edema
severe inflammation or tissudamage is the background
cytochrome storm

31
Q

ARDS secondary to

A

sepsis, pancreatitis, aspiration, shock, pneumonia

32
Q

ARDS phases

A

early phase: proteinaceous fluid

later: inflammatory cells, hyalin membrane, fibrosis

33
Q

ARDS clinical signs, diagnosis

A

anxiety, cyanosis, expiratory crackle, wheeze

non cardiogenic edema, edema protein/ plasma protein

34
Q

ARDS treatment

A

underlying disease, oxygen therapy, (fluid), furosemide, gcc?

35
Q

pulmonary fibrosis what

A

alveolar septal fibrosis, interstitial fibrosis, epithelial hyperplasia, focal calcification
chronic and progressive pulmonary signs

36
Q

pulmonary fibrosis diagnosis

A

xray: diffuse interstitial pattern
echocardiography: moderate to severe pulmonary hypertension
biopsy: tell us diagnosis

37
Q

pulmonary fibrosis treatment

A

no effective treatment, symptomatic

gcc, antitussives, bronchodilators

38
Q

lung lobe torsion

A

torison -> venous congestion -> exudation - anemia, necrosis
respiratory distress, tachypnoea, hypotension, shock
x ray: rounding of lobe
bronchoscopy: see torsion
shock therapy, remove fluid, surgery

39
Q

pulmonary thromboembolism general

A

secondary to: HW, IMHA, neoplasia, DIC

abnormal cat exchange - pulmonary embolism

40
Q

pulmonary thromboembolism clinical signs, diag, treat

A

acute resp distress, tachypnoea, cyanosis

diagnosis: pulmonary angiography! D-dimer, antithrombin 3, blood gas, X-ray
treatment: thrombolytic therapy (tissue plasminogen activator, surgery)

41
Q

pulmonary neoplasia

A

metastatic > primary (carcinoma, osteosarcoma)

chronic cough, exercise intolerance, weight loss, respiratory distress

42
Q

pulmonar neoplasia diagnosis treatment

A

x ray: false neg(small, hidden by other structures), false pos (eosinophilic pneumopathy nodules)
BIOPSY!!
treat: lobectomy if primary

SAM final oral (2) (42 decks)

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