31. blood loss anemias Flashcards
what types of blood loss anemias do we have?
acute
chronic
what are the possible causes of acute blood loss anemia
trauma, injury
coagulopathy, toxins
thrombocytopenia / thrombocytopathy
ruptured tumors and ulcers
what are the possible causes of chronic blood loss anemia
flea infestation
intestinal worms
tumors, ulcers
when does clinical signs of blood loss anemia occur
when 30% of blood volume is lost
what are the symptoms of blood loss anemia
weakness, exercise intolerance
increased heart rate and breathing
hypovolemia, hypotension, hypoxia => SHOCK
what are lab results of blood loss anemia
increased CRT, pale Mm
decreased TP
PCV: first few hours it won’t change as all is lost together
what do we look for in acute blood loss anemia
look for bleeding
hematemesis, hematuria, melena, hematoma, epistaxis
haemothorax
haemoperitoneum
other diagnostic tools in acute blood loss anemia
abdominocentetsis
thoracocentesis
x ray, ultrasound
how do we treat acute blood loss anemia
stop the bleeding
treat shock: infusion, hypersonic saline, plasma volume expanders-colloids
blood transfusion (give calcium and glucocorticoids first)
what is a different name for chronic blood loss anemia
iron deficiency anemia
how can we diagnose chronic blood loss anemia
microcytic, hypochromic, non regenerative
low serum Fe levels
parasitology
endoscopy: look for ulcers and tumor
laparotomy if we suspect something in jejunum
how do we treat chronic blood loss anemia
treat primary problem
iron, B12, folic acid supplementation
