Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PSYC 101 > 4) Visual Perception > Flashcards

4) Visual Perception Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Physics 101 flashcards Psychology 101 flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards Biology 101 flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the goal of visual perception?

A

reconstruct 3D world from the 2D image that enters our eyes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Perceptual constancy

A

Tendency to experience stable perception despite continually changing sensory input

Example of top down processing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Describe the diff types of perceptual constancy

A

Shape
- we perceive objects maintain same shape even when it moves or turns

Colour
- we perceive same colour under different lighting

Size
- perceive same size when things are far away

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Distal vs Proximal Stimuli

A

Distal is stimuli that lie in the distance (outside of our body)

Proximal stimuli is what interacts with our senses

ex/
distal stimulus = printed page of a book
proximal = light energy reflected by the page that enters our eyes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Perceptual Hypothesis

A

Infer which distal stimuli is responsible for proximal stimuli that we sense

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The guitar in a concert is an example of a ____ stimulus and the sound waves generated by the guitar that reaches our ears is considered the ____ stimulus

A

Distal
Proximal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Gestalt Principles

A

Rules governing how we perceive things as unified wholes rather than individual parts

Proximity
We see closer objects as whole

Similarity
We see similar objects composing a whole more than dissimilar ones

Continuity
Perceive as whole even when objects block part of them

Closure
Brain fill in missing info

Symmetry
We see symmetrically arranged stuff as whole

Figure-ground
Focus on central figure and ignore background

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Depth Perception

A

ability to judge distance and 3D relations

appears in infancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Describe the binocular cues of depth perception

A

Retinal / Binocular Disparity
- Objects project images to slightly diff areas in each eye
- We see distant things similarly but close objects differently if we close one eye

Binocular Convergence
- Sense eyes converging towards each other when focusing on close things
- Brain knows how much eye is converging, can estimate distance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Describe the monocular cues of depth perception

A

Motion Parallax
- Objects at diff distances look like they’re moving at a diff speed
- ex/ fence faster, cloud slower

Pictorial Depth Cues :

Linear perspective
Outlines converge as distance increases

Texture gradients
Texture less apparent if it’s far away

Interposition
Closer objects block our view of things behind it

Relative size
Distant objects look smaller than close ones

Height in plane
Distant objects appear higher, closer stuff appear lower

Light & shadow
Objects cast shadows, give us sense of 3D form

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Moon illusion is how moon looks small when we stare at it in night sky, but looks big when we see it on the horizon. What concepts are most likely related to this illusion?

Shape Constancy
Interposition
Size Constancy
Motion Parallax
Bottom up processing
Top down processing
Depth Cues

A

Depth Cues & Size Constancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Colour and intensity of light corresponds to

A

wavelength and amplitude

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

functions of the eye

A
  1. channel light to retina
  2. house the retina
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Name the parts of the eye

A

Cornea
Contains transparent cells
Cornea starts to bend the light a little bit, iris controls light intake

Iris
Coloured ring of muscle around pupil
Regulate amount of light passing into eye by constricting & dilating (psychological too)

Pupil
Hole where light enters eye
Size controlled by iris (pupillary reflex)

Sclera
white part, maintains “ball” shape

Lens
Changes curvature to keep images in focus
Contains transparent cells

Retina
Neural tissue / membrane lining back of eye
Absorb light & process images
Convert light into neural activity

Fovea
Small spot at center of retina with only cones
Responsible for sharpness

Optic Nerve
Nerve (ganglion cells’ axons) that travels from retina to brain

Optic Disk
Hole in retina where optic nerve exits
No rods or sense receptors, Blind spot
Brain fills in info :O

Optic Chiasm
Point where half of the optic nerves from each eye cross over to opposite half of brain & half stays in same side
Both eyeballs get info from both fields, but most left visual field goes right (vice versa)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Cornea

A

Contains transparent cells
Cornea starts to bend the light a little bit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Iris

A

Coloured ring of muscle around pupil
Regulate amount of light passing into eye by constricting & dilating (psychological too)

17
Q

Pupil

A

Hole where light enters eye
Size controlled by iris (pupillary reflex)

18
Q

Sclera

A

white part
maintains “ball” shape

19
Q

Lens

A

Changes curvature to keep images in focus
Contains transparent cells

20
Q

Retina

A

Neural tissue / membrane lining back of eye
Absorb light & process images
Convert light into neural activity

21
Q

Fovea

A

Small spot at center of retina with only cones
Responsible for sharpness

22
Q

Optic Nerve

A

Nerve (ganglion cells’ axons) that travels from retina to brain

23
Q

Optic Chiasm

A

Point where half of the optic nerves from each eye cross over to opposite half of brain & half stays in same side

Both eyeballs get info from both fields, but most left visual field goes right (vice versa)

24
Q

Optic Disk

A

Hole in retina where optic nerve exits
No rods or sense receptors, Blind spot
Brain fills in info :O

25
Q

Accommodation

A

Adjustment of the curve-ness of lens to alter visual focus
for far or near objects

26
Q

Myopia

A

Near sighted, can’t see far stuff well
Bends light too much, image is sharpest before hitting retina

27
Q

Hyperopia

A

Far sighted, can’t see near stuff well
Bends light too little, image is sharpest after hitting retina

28
Q

Presbyopia

A

Lens loses flexibility when we age

29
Q

What is the pathway that light takes?

A

Cornea
Pupil
Lens
Retina
Optic Nerve
Thalamus
Visual cortex & structures in midbrain (for reflexes)

30
Q

Cones

A

Visual receptors for daylight & color vision
Detail / sharpness
Most concentrated in fovea

31
Q

Rods

A

Visual receptors for night & peripheral vision
Basic shapes & forms
More plentiful

32
Q

Dark adaptation

A

Process where eyes become more sensitive to dark / dim light
Takes a full 30 minutes
Rods take longer to adapt

33
Q

Light adaptation

A

process where eyes become less sensitive to bright lights

34
Q

Receptive field

A

Collection of rods & cones

Funnel signals to particular visual cell
Affects firing of visual cell (horizontal / bipolar) when stimulated

There’s a baseline level of firing even without simulation of light

This is only causing one cell to fire

35
Q

Describe the colour theories

A

Trichromatic Theory
Colour vision is based on sensitivity three primary colours / types of cones
Combination of red blue & green make other colours
Additive = mixing lights
Subtractive = mixing paint

Opponent Process Theory
Colour perception depends on receptors that make antagonistic responses to 3 pairs:
Blue / Yellow
Red / Green
Black / White
If one fires, the other is inhibited

36
Q

Colour blindness

A

Can’t see some or all colours

37
Q

Hubel & Wiesel

A

Curious about how we perceive shape & form
Used cats, figure out what types of slits made visual cortex go crazy

Feature Detectors
Neurons that respond selectively to very specific features of complex stimuli

38
Q

Feature Detectors

A

Neurons that respond selectively to very specific features of complex stimuli
aka cell that detects lines & edges

Each cell can detect a special specific orientation

Combination of firing tells us where edges actually are

Simple feature detector cell
Respond best to lines of correct width, orientation, location

Complex feature detector cell
Respond best to lines moving in specific direction

PSYC 101 (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions