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PSYC 101 > 1) Psychology History > Flashcards

1) Psychology History Flashcards

Chapter 1

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1
Q

Introspection

A

Method which observers carefully reflect and report mental experiences

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2
Q

Wilhelm Wundt

A
  • developed 1st psych lab in germany (late 1800s)
  • focus on introspection
  • marked beginning of psychology as a science (psych of human error / self deception)
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3
Q

Is there an unifying theoretical perspective that best explains behaviour?

A

nope, each view contributes smt valuable and have its own limitations

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4
Q

Structuralism

A

(late 1800s)
Edward B. Titchener (student of Wundt)

  • used introspection to identify basic elements of psychological experience
  • went astray: assumed introspection could provide all the info needed
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5
Q

perspective that is interested in the “elements of the mind”

A

Structuralism

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6
Q

Influence of Structuralism

A

Emphasis on the importance of systematic observation to study conscious experiences

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7
Q

Functionalism

A

(late 1800s)
William James

  • influenced by Charles Darwin (natural selection)
  • Understand the functions or adaptive purposes of thoughts, feelings, and behaviours
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8
Q

Influence of Functionalism

A

has been absorbed into psych and continues to influence indirectly

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9
Q

Behaviorism

A

(early 1900s)
B.F. Skinner and John B. Watson

  • uncover general principles of learning that explain observable behaviours
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10
Q

Perspective that is referred to as “black box psychology”

A

Behaviorism

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11
Q

Influence of Behaviorism

A
  • in models of human and animal learning
  • among the first to focus on the need for objective research
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12
Q

Cognitivism

A

(late 1900s)
Jean Piaget and Neisser

  • examine the role of mental processes on behavior
  • our interpretation of rewards and punishments is crucial
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13
Q

Influence of cognitivism

A

problem solving, concept formation, intelligence, memory, psychotherapy

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14
Q

Psychoanalysis

A

(early 1900s)
Sigmund Freud

  • uncover the role of unconscious psychological processes and early life experiences in behavior
  • decode meanings of our slips of tongue
  • core of personality is molded within first few years of life
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15
Q

Drawback of Psychoanalysis

A

difficult or impossible to falsify

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16
Q

Influence of Psychoanalysis

A

understanding that much of our mental processing goes on outside of conscious awareness

17
Q

primary influences in psychoanalysis

A

unconscious drives (sexuality, aggression)

18
Q

Perspective that uses introspection to identify basic elements of psychological experience

A

Structuralism - E.B. Titchener

19
Q

Perspective that seeks to understand the adaptive purposes of thoughts and behaviors

A

Functionalism - William James

20
Q

Perspective that seeks to uncover the general principles of learning

A

Behaviorism - B.F. Skinner

21
Q

Perspective that examines the role of mental processes on behavior

A

Cognitivism - Jean Piaget

22
Q

Perspective that seeks to uncover the role of the unconscious mind and early life events

A

Psychoanalysis - Sigmund Freud

23
Q

What are the two great debates?

A
  1. Nature nurture debate
  2. Free Will Determinism Debate
24
Q

Nature Nurture Debate

A

Are our behaviors attributable mostly to our genes or to our environments?

25
Q

Free Will Determinism Debate

A

to what extent are our behaviors freely selected rather than caused by factors outside of our control
-> Is free will an illusion?

  • Free will stems from how we aren’t aware of the subtle environmental influences affecting our behavior all the time
26
Q

Behaviorist’s view on the free will debate

A

behaviour is completely determined by preceding influences

27
Q

Belief in free will serves to ___ unethical behavior

A

inhibit

28
Q

Is the statement falsifiable: No human lives forever

A

unfalsifiable

29
Q

Is the statement falsifiable: All humans live forever

A

falsifiable

30
Q

Which is unfalsifiable?

A) More heads than tails
B) Heads every time, until someone looks
C) HTTHTHTHH specifically
D) Heads =/ tails

A

B

31
Q

Which is MOST falsifiable

A) More heads than tails
B) Heads every time, until someone looks
C) HTTHTHTHH specifically
D) Heads =/ tails

A

C
most easy to prove wrong

32
Q

Which is LEAST falsifiable?

A) More heads than tails
B) Heads every time, until someone looks
C) HTTHTHTHH specifically
D) Heads =/ tails

A

D
hardest to prove false cuz only false when heads = tails

PSYC 101 (15 decks)

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