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Media and Information Literacy > 4: Theories and Models of MIL > Flashcards

4: Theories and Models of MIL Flashcards

1
Q

Who formulated the two-step flow model of communication?

A

Paul Lazarsfeld, Bernard Berelson, and Hazel Gaudet

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2
Q

States that interpersonal connection has a considerably greater influence on public opinion than mass media outlets.

A

Two-step Flow Model of Communication

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3
Q

Describes media as the primary source of information. However, the mass’ perspective and the spread of these information is lead by opinion leaders

A

Two-step Flow Model of Communication

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4
Q

Described as the decision-makers who are considered to be people of expertise and influence.

A

Opinion Leaders

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5
Q

Manipulators of information that have the ability to bend the information released by the media

A

Opinion Leaders

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6
Q

Who proposed the Information Integration Theory?

A

Norman H. Anderson

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7
Q

Primarily concerned with how an individual integrates information depending of various factors and stimuli

A

Information Integration Theory (IIT)

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8
Q

3 factors to consider in IIT

A

Existing beliefs
New reaction
Weight or importance (of new information)

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9
Q

Explores how attitudes, behaviors, and/or beliefs are changed and conformed by the integration of new information with the existing knowledge of a person

A

Information Integration Theory

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10
Q

The evaluation of whether the new information is favorable or not

A

Value(s)

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11
Q

The perceived importance of the information

A

Weight

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12
Q

Who suggested the conversational maxims that served as the outline for the Information Manipulation Theory?

A

Paul Grice

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13
Q

Theory providing the conversational maxims in IMT

A

Theory of Conversational Implicature

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14
Q

4 conversational maxims

A

Quantity - informative contribution
Quality - information contributed must be factual
Manner - be clear
Relation - relevancy of contributed information

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15
Q

Theory that states how people “manipulate” or play with information during discourse

A

Information Manipulation Theory

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16
Q

States that the spread of false message works by the violation of conversational structure in attempts to distort information

A

Information Manipulation Theory

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17
Q

Who proposed the Information Manipulation Theory?

A

Steven McCornack

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18
Q

Statements intended to be accurate

A

Truth

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19
Q

Fabricated incorrect facts

A

Falsification

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20
Q

Unintended release of accurate information

A

Unintentional Reveal

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21
Q

Unintended inaccuracy

A

Misinformation

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22
Q

Who proposed the Medium Theory?

A

Herbert Marshall McLuhan

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23
Q

Father of Media

A

Herbert Marshall McLuhan

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24
Q

Described as the return to a more universal form of communication

A

Medium Theory

25
Q

Theory stating that the medium is the message

A

Medium Theory

26
Q

The nature of the medium that was being used was more important and impactful than the actual content of the message itself

A

Medium Theory

27
Q

Other term for Media Dependency Theory

A

Media Systems Dependency Theory

28
Q

Who proposed the Media Dependency Theory?

A

Sandra Ball-Rokeach and Melvin DeFleur.

29
Q

Systematic and scientific approach to the study of the effects of mass media

A

Media Dependency Theory

30
Q

States: The individual tends to develop dependency on the media to satisfy their needs

A

Media Dependency Theory

31
Q

The more dependent a person is to media, the more important and influential media becomes to that person

A

Media Dependency Theory

32
Q

3 degrees of dependence in media

A

Social Stability
Active Audience
Individual

33
Q

3 types of effects in Media Dependency Theory

A

Cognitive Effects - beliefs, values, etc.
Affective Effects - emotions
Behavioral Effects - behavior, actions

34
Q

Theory discussing how people use media to satisfy their own needs

A

User and Gratification Theory

35
Q

Argues what people do with media, rather than what media does to peopl

A

User and Gratification Theory

36
Q

5 need and gratification of humans

A 
Cognitive Needs
Affective Need 
Personal Integrative Needs 
Social Integrative Needs
Tension Free Needs
37
Q

Need to acquire information through media

A

Cognitive Needs

38
Q

To purposely influence their moods and emotions

A

Affective Needs

39
Q

To boost/satisfy self-esteem and reassure stability and status in society

A

Personal Integrative Needs

40
Q

Need to socialize and build relationships

A

Social Integrative Needs

41
Q

Need for escapism and stress relief

A

Tension Free Needs

42
Q

Who developed the New Media Theory?

A

Mark Poster

43
Q

Derived from the medium theory stating that the internet can transform society with the transition from broadcast communication (one-way) to network communication (interactive)

A

New Media Theory

44
Q

Studies the implication of digital technology and relevance of digital culture

A

New Media Theory

45
Q

Explains how mass communication affects society

A

New Media Theory

46
Q

Collection of objects connected to each other

A

Network

47
Q

Individual actors in a network performing functions to create, receive, and transmit

A

Nodes

48
Q

Relationships or direct links between the individual components in a network

A

Edges (Ties)

49
Q

Study of the way elements in a network interact and connect with each other

A

Network Theory

50
Q

Described how much the various nodes are interconnected with each other

A

Clustering Co-efficient

51
Q

2 types of clustering

A

Unclustered Network - no interconnection of links

Clustered Network - multiple interconnected nodes

52
Q

Follows reporting relationship inside a network

A

Formal Communication

53
Q

2 types of formal communication

A

Upward Communication

Downward Communication

54
Q

Direct communication between two nodes

A

Dyads

55
Q

Communication among 3 objects

A

Triad

56
Q

Communication within a group/organization sharing a commonality

A

Subgroups

57
Q

Communicational in the largest scale (international; multi-stakeholders)

A

Global Network

58
Q

Multiple functions that the same links within a network can fulfill

A

Multiplexity

59
Q

2 concepts of centrality

A

Centralized - a single object/group has control

Decentralized - no single entity has the control

Media and Information Literacy (14 decks)

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