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Neuroscience and NeuroAnatomy > 4 - NeuroAnatomy Internal Organization > Flashcards

4 - NeuroAnatomy Internal Organization Flashcards

1
Q

Cingulate Gyrus

A

Emotional Valence on Sensory and Motor Activity

Contiguous with Parahippocampal Gyrus

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2
Q

Lateral Ventricles

A

1 in each hemisphere, C-shaped

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3
Q

Third Ventricle

A

Diencephalon, Thalamus and Hypothalamus form lateral borders

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4
Q

Connection between Lateral Ventricle and Third Ventricle

A

Foramen of Monroe

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5
Q

3 Horns of the Lateral Ventricles

A

Anterior Horn (contains the “body” of the ventricle)
Posterior Occipital Horn
Inferior Horn

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6
Q

Basal Ganglian

A

Subcortical group of nuclei important for initiation and selection of movement, etc

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7
Q

Putamen

A

Most lateral compnent of the Basal Ganglion

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8
Q

Internal Capsule

A

Fibers going up to and down from the cortex

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9
Q

Caudate

A

Forms the lateral border of most of the lateral ventricle

Tail goes into temporal lobe

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10
Q

Fornix

A

Comes off of each Hippocampal Formation in each hemisphere.
Hemispheres join together and form the body, directly under the Corpus Callosum.
Runs rostrally to the Anterior Commissure
Descends ventrally and laterally to form the Mammilary Body

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11
Q

Mammilary Body

A

The ends of the Fornix

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12
Q

Amygdala

A

Most rostral nucleus in Temporal Lobe

Emotion, especially fear

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13
Q

Anterior Commisure

A

The point at which the body of the Fornix splits to form two Mammilary Bodies

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14
Q

2 Major Groups of Nuclei in the Temporal Lobe

A

Amygdala

Hippocampal Formation

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15
Q

Hippocampal Formation

A

Caudal to the Amygdala in the Temporal Lobe

Memory Consolidation

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16
Q

3 Classes of Fibers in the Brain

A

Commissures
Projection Fibers
Association Fibers

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17
Q

Commissures

A

Corpus Callosum
Anterior Commissure
Posterior Commissure
Connect homotypic (functionally-related) regions of the two cerebral hemispheres

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18
Q

Projection Fibers

A 
Corticospinal Tract (Motor Cortex to Spinal Cord)
Interconnect a source in the cortex with a distant subcortical target (run in the internal capsule)
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19
Q

Association Fibers

A

Extreme Capsule
External Capsule
Interconnect cortical regions in the same hemisphere

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20
Q

Splenium

A

Most caudal part of the Corpus Callosum

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21
Q

Steps in interpreting Coronal and Horizontal brain sections

A

Identify ventricles
Identify structures bordering ventricles
Identify and follow internal capsule from cortex to medulla
Identify structures bordering internal capsule at each level

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22
Q

Roof of Lateral Ventricle

A

Corpus Callosum

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23
Q

Walls of Lateral Ventricle

A 
Caudate Nucleus (Lateral)
Septum Pellucidum (Medial)
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24
Q

Floor of Lateral Ventricle

A

Hippocampal Formation / Fornix

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25
Q

Walls of Third Ventricle

A

Diencephalon (Thalamus, Hypothalamus)

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26
Q

Borders of Cerebral Aqueduct

A

Tectum of Midbrain (Superior and Inferior Colliculi)

Tegmentum of Midbrain

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27
Q

Borders of Fourth Ventricle

A

Cerebellum, Pons, Medulla

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28
Q

Medial wall of the Lateral Sulcus

A

Insular Cortex

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29
Q

Insular Cortex functions

A

Taste, pain, other sensory stuff

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30
Q

Cingulate Sulcus

A

A lateral sulcus off of the Sagittal Sulcus

31
Q

Cingulate Gyrus

A

Just inferior to the cingulate sulcus

32
Q

Putamen + Caudate together

A

Striatum

33
Q

Anterior Commissure

A

Carries information from Olfactory Cortex to the Amgydala and other stuff in the temporal lobe

34
Q

Infundibulum

A

Connects the Hypothalamus and the Pituitary

35
Q

What sensory modality is delivered in the splenium?

A

Vision!!!!

36
Q

Collateral Trigone or Atrium

A

Point at which Lateral Ventricle’s posterior and inferior horns meet and swell.

37
Q

Roof of the Collateral Trigone / Atrium

A

Tail of the caudate

38
Q

Internal Capsule

A

Anterior Limb - Fibers from the frontal lobe
Genu - Face
Posterior Limb - Arm, Trunk, Leg (progressing caudally)

39
Q

Primary Visual Cortex

A

V1 or Broman’s Area 17

40
Q

Calcarine Sulcus

A

Medial fissure on the caudal side of the brain.

41
Q

Most outer layer of Spinal Cord

A

White Matter

42
Q

Inner butterfly of Spinal Column

A

Grey Matter

43
Q

Dorsal Horn of Spinal Cord function

A

Processing of sensory information

44
Q

Ventral Horn of Spinal Cord function

A

Processing of motor information

45
Q

Ascending rostrally from sacral to cervical, what happens to the amount of white matter?

A

It increases. As you ascend, more fibers are coming in, and fewer fibers are going out.

46
Q

Where do you see enlargements in the ventral horn of the spinal cord?

A

Cervical, Lumbar, Sacral. These control the most motor thangs.

47
Q

Motor Decussation

A

At the level of the Spinal Cord-Medulla Junction, descending projection fibers which synapse in the brainstem and the spinal cord CROSS to the opposite side

48
Q

Pyramids (at the Spinal Cord-Medulla Junction)

A

Descending Cortical Fibers

49
Q

Anything caudal to the Motor Decussation

A

Spinal Cord

50
Q

Anything rostral to the Motor Decussation

A

Medulla

51
Q

Central Canal

A

Ventricular portion of the Caudal Medulla and Spinal Cord

52
Q

Sensory Decussation - Location

A

Rostral to Motor Decussation

53
Q

Sensory Decussation - Contents

A 
4 Dorsal Column Nuclei
Medial Lemniscus
Pyramids
Central Canal
Inferior Olivary Nucleus
54
Q

Sensory Decussation - Pathway

A

Fibers from caudal synapse on Dorsal Column Nuclei, which then project to the opposite side.
Medial Lemniscus ascends.

55
Q

Mid-Medulla - Contents

A 
Cranial Nerve Nuclei
Inferior Cerebellar Peduncle
Reticular Formation
Inferior Olivary Nucleus
Medial Lemniscus
Pyramids
56
Q

3 Bundles of fibers carrying information into and out of the Cerebellum to/from the Mid-Medulla

A

Medial Lemniscus
Inferior Olivary Nucleus
Reticular Formation

57
Q

Medial Lemniscus

A

Somatosensory ascending fibers from the Medulla to the Cerebellum

58
Q

Inferior Olivary Nucleus

A

Clamshell-shaped bundle of neurons that project fibers through the Inferior Cerebellar Peduncle

59
Q

Reticular Formation

A 
Bundle of fibers in the Mid-Medulla controlling:
Attention
Arousal
Visceral Functions
Blood Pressure
60
Q

Pons - Contents

A

Facial Colliculus

Pontine Nuclei

61
Q

Facial Colliculus

A

Nucleus of VI & the Genu of VII -

62
Q

Pontine Nuclei

A

Part of Pons involved in motor activity

63
Q

Two Most Caudal bumps of Midbrain flanking the Cerebral Aqueduct

A

Inferior Colliculi

64
Q

Inferior Colliculi

A

Obligatory relay stations for audition in the Midbrain

65
Q

Basis Pedunculi

A

Cerebral Peduncles - Descending motor fibers in the anterior Midbrain. Once we reach the Medulla, they become the Pyramids.

66
Q

Corpora Quadrigemina

A

Four Colliculi on the Tectum of the dorsal aspect of the midbrain:
Reflex Centers involving Vision and Hearing

67
Q

Tectum

A

The uppermost part of the midbrain, lying dorsal to the cerebral aqueduct

68
Q

Substantia Nigra

A

Descending motor fibers just posterior to the Basis Pedunculi

69
Q

Decussation of the Superior Cerebellar Peduncle - Location on Imaging

A

At the level of the Inferior Colliculi, anterior to the Cerebral Aqueduct

70
Q

Midbrain Contents - Level of the Superior Colliculi

A

Superior Colliculi
Substantia Nigra
Red Nucleus
III Fascicles into Interpeduncular Fossa

71
Q

Lesion on Substantia Nigra leads to

A

Parkinson’s

72
Q

What landmark can you see at the Superior Colliculi, but not the Inferior Colliculi?

A

Red Nuclei

73
Q

Space between the two Basis Pedunculi (at level of Superior Colliculi)

A

Interpeduncular Fossa

Neuroscience and NeuroAnatomy (41 decks)

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