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Neuroscience and NeuroAnatomy > 28 - NeuroScience - Cerebellum > Flashcards

28 - NeuroScience - Cerebellum Flashcards

1
Q

Cerebellar Functions

A

Timing and pattern of muscles activated in limb, head and eye movement.

Contributes to balance, posture and muscle tone

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2
Q

Cerebellar Location

A

Posterior Fossa

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3
Q

What separates cerebellum from the cortex?

A

Tetorium Cerebelli

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4
Q

What is ventral to the cerebellum?

A

IVth Ventricle

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5
Q

What is inferior to the cerebellum?

A

Cisterna Magna

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6
Q

Vermis

A

Medial cortico-nuclear zone of the cerebellum

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7
Q

Blood supply of the posterior and inferior portions of the cerebellum

A

PICA

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8
Q

Blood supply of the superior portion of the cerebellum

A

SuCeA

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9
Q

Blood supply of the anterior portion of the cerebellum

A

AICA

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10
Q

What happens if there is a blockage of a vessel in the cerebellum?

A

Not much. There are anastomoses.

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11
Q

What happens if there’s a blockage of a major artery feeding the cerebellum (PICA, AICA, SuCeA)?

A

UGHGHGHGH!!!!!!

Compromise of either the nuclei themselves, or of the tracts allowing communication.

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12
Q

Cerebellar Divisions

A

Spinocerebellum
Cerebrocerebellum
Vestibulocerebellum

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13
Q

Spinocerebellum

A

Vermis & Intermediate Hemisphere

Control of limbs and trunk

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14
Q

Cerebrocerebellum

A

Lateral Hemisphere

Planning of movement+

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15
Q

Vestibulocerebellum

A

Flocculonodular Lobe

Control of eye & head movements
Balance

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16
Q

Deep Cerebellar Nuclei

A

Fastigial
Interposed
Dentate

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17
Q

Extrinsic Cerebellar Inputs

A

Mossy Fiber

Climbing Fiber

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18
Q

Fastigial Nucleus

A

The most medial of the nuclei

Receives the output of the Vermis and FlocculonodularLobe

Involved in balance and postural control, eye movements

Medial descending system

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19
Q

Interposed Nuclei

A

Between Fastigial Nucleus and Dendate Nucleus

Receives input from the intermediate hemisphere

Lateral descending system

20
Q

Dentate Nucleus

A

Most Lateral of the nuclei

Receives its inputs from the lateral hemisphere

Fine movements in all regions of cerebral cortex

21
Q

Vestibular complex

A

Serves as a deep cerebellar nucleus of the flocculonodular lobe.

Afferent projections from CN VIII go to vestibular complex to flocculonodular lobe, back to vestibular complex. It serves as a “nucleus”

22
Q

Model of a deep cerebellar nucleus

A

Input hits nucleus
Projects to cerebellar cortex
Projects back to nucleus

23
Q

Mossy Fiber

A

Inputs that come from all areas

24
Q

Climbing Fiber

A

Inferior Olivary Nucleus is the only source!!!!!!

25
Q

5 inputs to the cerebellum

A 
Cortical Inputs (via pons)
DSCT (Spinal cord afferent)
VSCT (Spinal cord afferent)
Lateral Reticular Nucleus
Inferior Olivary Nucleus
Vestibular Afferents and second order neurons from the vestibular complex
26
Q

Cortical Inputs

A

Pontine nuclei receive inputs from all regions (especially frontal cortex)

Project via contralateral middle cerebellar peduncle, primarily to the lateral hemisphere (and dentate nucleus).

Lesions affect planning and execution of fine movements.

27
Q

Spinal Cord Afferents - Dorsal Spinocerebellar Tract (DSCT)

A

Proprioceptive and other sensory information from FA(accesory cuneate nucleus)TL(clark’s nucleus) ascend to the cerebellum.

Project via ipsilateral inferior cerebellar peduncle to innervate vermis and intermediate hemisphere (and fastigial and interposed nuclei)

Lesions affect gait and balance

28
Q

Spinal Cord Afferents - Ventral Spinocerebellar Tract (VSCT)

A

Another input from spinal cord conveys information about error signals from ongoing activity

Projects to various regions of the cerebellum via contralateral superior cerebellar peduncle.

29
Q

Lateral Reticular Nucleus

A

Indirect spinal afferents

Projects to entire cerebellum via ipsilateral inferior cerebellar peduncle

Receives input from spinal cord as well as cerebral cortex and red nucleus.

30
Q

Inferior Olivary Nucleus

A

Projects climbing fiber inputs to all regions of the cerebellum

Projects via contralateral inferior cerebellar peduncle.

Receives input from spinal cord, brainstem, cortex & feedback from cerebellum via parvocellular red nucleus

Lesions affect ALL cerebellar functions

31
Q

Vestibular afferents & second order neurons from the vestibular complex

A

Project via inferior cerebellar peduncle to the flocculonodular lobe and vermis (via fastigial nucleus)

Inputs important for eye movements, posture & head/neck movements.

Lesions affect balance & eye movements.

32
Q

5 neurons in the cerebellar cortex

A 
Purkinje Cells
Excitatory Interneurons
Inhibitory Interneurons
Mossy Fiber
Climbing fiber
33
Q

Single output neuron

A

Purkinje Cell

34
Q

How many climbing fibers synapse on each Purkinje cell?

A

1

But it synapses thousands of times on that one cell.

35
Q

Neurotransmitter released by purkinje cells

A

GABA

Thus, they inhibit their deep cerebellar nuclei

36
Q

Mossy fibers synapse on which excitatory interneurons?

A

Granule cells

These synapse on thousands of purkinje cells

37
Q

Granule cells synapse on which inhibitory interneurons?

A

Basket cells

Stellate cells

38
Q

Granule cells synapse on which feedback inhibitor cells?

A

Golgi cells (receive input, and feed back inhibition back to that same granule cell)

39
Q

3 Layers of Cerebellar Folia

A

Molecular
Purkinje
Granular

40
Q

Molecular layer

A

Parallel fibers of granule cells synapse with purkinje cells

Inhibitory interneurons live here too

41
Q

Granular Layer

A

Granule cells live here!!!!!

Excitatory interneurons

42
Q

White matter

A

Inputs and outputs flow

43
Q

Clarke’s Nucleus

A

T1 - L2
Proprioception & muscle spindle afferents from lower extremities and trunk

Gracile fasciculus synapses on thurr.

Projects out to form DSCT

44
Q

Spinal Border Cells

A

Inputs from interneurons in many regions

Project in VSCT

45
Q

Accesory Cuneate Nucleus

A

Trigeminal and upper extremity propriocpetion

It’s like the Clarke’s nucleus of the head and upper extremity!!!!!!

46
Q

Cerebellar signs - ipsilateral or contralateral?

A

Ipsilateral to the lesion

Why??!?!

Double crossing!!!!

Neuroscience and NeuroAnatomy (41 decks)

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