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Neuroscience and NeuroAnatomy > 39 - NeuroScience - Vestibular & Occulomotor Systems > Flashcards

39 - NeuroScience - Vestibular & Occulomotor Systems Flashcards

1
Q

2 Components of the vestibular system in the inner ear

A

Saccule & Utricle

Semicircular Canals

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2
Q

Saccule & Utricle

A

Linear Acceleration

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3
Q

Semicircular Canals

A 
Angular Acceleration (3D)
Activated by specific movements of the head with respect to the rest of the  body.
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4
Q

Saccule, Utricle & Semicircular Canals

A

Activate peripheral projections of the vestibular ganglia

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5
Q

Hair Cells synapse on

A

Peripheral Dendrites of ganglion cells

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6
Q

Central projection of ganglion cells project to

A

Vestibular nuclei in Medulla & Pons (via CN VIII)

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7
Q

Afferents in CN VIII project to

A

Vestibular Nuclei

Cerebellum (Flocculus/Nodulus)

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8
Q

What makes the Trochlear Nerve so unique?!

A

Exits brainstem on dorsal surface

Crossed, Right CN IV controls Left Superior Oblique

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9
Q

Vestibular Nucleus

A

Complex
Collection of 4 nuclei:

Each is indistinguishable from a standard view of the brainstem, but connectivity is different.

Located in rostral medulla through middle-pons

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10
Q

Location of Occulomotor Nuclei

A

Midbrain (Occulomotor & Trochlear)

Pons (Abducens)

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11
Q

Vestibular System - 2 Descending Components

A

Lateral Vestibulospinal Tract (LVST)

Medial Vestibulospinal Tract (MVST)

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12
Q

Descending Vestibular System - Lateral Vestibulospinal Tract (ACTUALLY ONE OF THE MEDIAL DESCENDING SYSTEMS)

A

Emerges from projection neurons in Lateral Vestibular Nucleus (LVN)

Regulates activity of motor neurons to ipsilateral antigravity muscles

In spinal cord, its projections are in the Ventral Medial aspects of the white matter.

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13
Q

Descending Vestibular System - Medial Vestibulospinal Tract

A

Originates in Medial Vestibular Nucleus (MVN)

Only goes to cervical portion of the spinal cord

Stabliizes head position & coordinates head/eye movements

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14
Q

Vestibular System - 3 Ascending Components

A

Medial Longitudinal Fasciculus (MLF)
Projection to VPN of Thalamus
Projection to Cerebellum

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15
Q

Ascending Vestibular System - Medial Longitudinal Fasciculus (MLF)

A

Arises from Medial Superior & Inferior Nuclei

Coordinates eye movements via inputs to CN III, CN IV, CN VI

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16
Q

Ascending Vestibular System - Projection to Ventral Posterior Nucleus (VPN) of the Thalamus

A

At the level of the VPL and VPM

Allows conscious perception of head position, orientation & balance. (Proprioception)

17
Q

Ascending Vestibular System - Projection to the Cerebellum

A

Projects to Vermis, Floculus/Nodulus through juxtarestiform body (medial portion of cerebellar peduncle)

Balance & control of eye movements

18
Q

Broca’s Area 3a

A

Head Position

19
Q

Broca’s Area 2v (posterior postcentral gyrus)

Posterior Insular Cortex

A

Balance and body orientation

20
Q

Posterior Parietal Cortex

A

Eye Position

21
Q

Areas that receive information about position from VPN in the thalamus and provide cortex with perceptions of these behaviors

A

Broca’s Areas:

3a (Head position
2v (Balance & Body Orientation)
Posterior IC (Balance & Body Orientation)
PPC (Eye Position)

22
Q

Brainstem Structures Controlling Eye Movement

A

Motor Nuclei:
III
IV
VI

Mesencephalic Gaze Center
Paramedian Pontine Reticular Formation
Pontine Nuclei
Superior Colliculus
Cerebellum
Vestibular Nuclei
23
Q

Conjugate Vertical Eye Movements are regulated by

A

Mesencephalic Gaze Center

Must integrate its connectivity with III and IV

24
Q

Location of the Mesencephalic Gaze Center

A

Midbrain

25
Q

Location of the Paramedian Pontine Reticular Formation (PPRF)

A

Medial Pons

26
Q

Horizontal Gaze is regulated by

A

Paramedian Pontine Reticular Formation

27
Q

Smooth pursuit is regulated by

A

Pontine Nuclei
Superior Colliculus
Cerebellum

28
Q

Superior Colliculus is important for

A

Saccadic Movement

Smooth Pursuit

29
Q

Cerebellum is good for

A

Maintaining Eye Position

Smooth Pursuit

30
Q

Vestibular Nuclei & Nucleus Prepositus Hypoglossi - Location

A

Medial portion of the Medulla, just rostral to the hypoglossal nucleus

31
Q

Vestibular Nuclei & Nucleus Prepositus Hypoglossi - Function

A

Eye position & movement

32
Q

Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex - Pathway

A

Head moves to the right
Vestibular Complex on the right is activated by inputs from CN VII
Vestibular Complex projects to the contralateral (left) side to the Abducens Nucleus.
Left lateral rectus is activated.
The internuncial cells of that abducens nucleus project through the MLF to the contralateral Nucleus of III.
Right medial rectus is activated.
1:21:34

Neuroscience and NeuroAnatomy (41 decks)

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