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Neuroscience and NeuroAnatomy > 27 - Basal Ganglia > Flashcards

27 - Basal Ganglia Flashcards

1
Q

What do the Basal Ganglia Modulate?

A

Descending Cortical and Brainstem Pathways

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2
Q

Cerebellum

A

Coordination

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3
Q

Basal Ganglion

A

Selection & Initiation

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4
Q

Basal Ganglion projects to

A

Cortical Motor Areas (Premotor & Motor)

Brainstem

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5
Q

Basal Ganglia Input Nuclei

A

Caudate Nucleus
Putamen
Nucleus Accumbens (NA)

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6
Q

Basal Ganglia Output Nuclei (to Thalamus)

A

Internal Segment of Globus Pallidus (GPi)
Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata (SNpr; GABA)
Ventral Pallidum (VP)

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7
Q

Basal Ganglia Intrinsic Nuclei

A 
External Segment of Globus Pallidus (GPe)
Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta (SNpc; dopamine)
Ventral Tegmental Area (VTA; dopamine)
Subthalamic Nucleus (STN)
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8
Q

A lesion in where causes Parkinson’s?

A

Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta

Somewhere else in the Direct Pathway

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9
Q

Basic Flow of Information

A

Cortex
Basal Ganglia
Thalamus (VA/VL, MD)
Cortex

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10
Q

Cerebellum sends primary projections where?

A

VL

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11
Q

Basal Ganglia sends primary projections where?

A

VA

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12
Q

Limb Movement - Direct Pathway

A

Facilitates Movement
Excitatory
Enhances Motor Activity

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13
Q

Limb Movement - Indirect Pathway

A

Anti-Facilitates Movement

Reduces input to the Thalamus

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14
Q

Limb Movement Pathways

A

Excitatory inputs from the Cortex converge on the Striatum and activate the direct and indirect pathways, which result in different outputs to the thalamus

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15
Q

Striatum

A

Caudate
Putamen
Nucleus Accumbens (NA)

This is the same thing as the Input Nuclei of the Basal Ganglia.

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16
Q

Lesions of the Direct Pathway lead to

A

Parkinson’s (Hypokinetic)

17
Q

Lesions of the Indirect Pathway lead to

A

Huntington’s (Hyperkinetic)

18
Q

Lesions of the Subthalamic Nucleus lead to

A

Hemiballism

Uncontrolled ipsilateral flailing of the shoulder and upper arm

19
Q

Cortex-Basal Ganglia-Thalamus Loops

A

Skeletomotor
Oculomotor
Cognitive
Emotional (Limbic)

20
Q

Principal Input Nucleus of the Skeletomotor Loop

A

Putamen

21
Q

Skeletomotor Loop

A 
Putamen
GPi/SNpr
VA
SMA/PMC/MC
Putamen
22
Q

Oculomotor Loop

A 
Caudate (Body)
SNpr/GPi
VA/MD
FEF
Caudate (Body)
23
Q

Cognitive Loop

A 
Caudate (Head)
SNpr/GPi
VA/MD
FAC
Caudate (Head)
24
Q

Emotional (Limbic)

A 
Nucleus Accumbens
VP/GPi/SNpr
MD
LAC/ACG
Nucleus Accumbens
25
Q

FEF

A

Frontal Eye Field

26
Q

Lenticular Nucleus

A

Putamen

Globus Pallidus

27
Q

Huntington’s Signs on Imaging

A 
Cortical Atrophy
Caudate Atrophy
Putamen Atrophy
Enlarged Ventricles
Lateral Edge Flattened
28
Q

If you only see one division of the Globus Pallidus, which one is it?

A

External!!!

29
Q

Two types of output from the GPi to the Thalamus

A

Ansa Lenticularis

Lenticular Fasciculus

30
Q

Ansa Lenticularis

A

Originates - Ventral aspect of GPi
Courses ventrally toward midline
Hooks around Internal Capsule (posterior limb)
Courses towards the thalamus

31
Q

Lenticular Fasciculus

A

Arises - Dorsal aspect of GPi
Small fascicles of fibers pierce directly through Internal Capsule rostral to STN
Collect to form a well-defined bundle

32
Q

What is the difference between the information in the Ansa Lenticularis and the Lenticular Fasciculus?

A

Nothing! They carry the same information!

33
Q

Where do the Ansa Lenticularis and Lenticular Fasciculus enter the Thalamus?

A

Thalamic Fasciculus
They join fibers from the cerebellar nuclei
They terminate in VA/VL

34
Q

Where do the Ansa Lenticularis and Lenticular Fasciculus rejoin to form the Thalamic Fasciculus??

A

Medial to the Zona Incerta

35
Q

The most peripheral nucleus of the Thalamus

A

Zona Incerta

Neuroscience and NeuroAnatomy (41 decks)

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