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Neuroscience and NeuroAnatomy > 1 - Intro to NeuroAnatomy - Surface Topography > Flashcards

1 - Intro to NeuroAnatomy - Surface Topography Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 7 Major Divisions of the CNS?

A 
Spinal Cord
Medulla Oblongata
Pons
Cerebellum
Midbrain
Diencephalon
Cerebral Hemisphere
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2
Q

Overall Spinal Cord Functions

A 
Initial gateway for sensory information (neck to toes), touch, pain
Motor execution (muscle contraction)
Final arbiter of autonomic control of various peripheral ganglia of ANS
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3
Q

4 Spinal Cord Divisions (Rostral to Caudal)

A

Cervical (Upper Extremity)
Thoracic (Trunk)
Lumbar (Hips to Toes)
Sacral (Hips to Toes)

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4
Q

3 Brain Stem Divisions

A 
Medulla Oblongata
Pons
Midbrain
(Diencephalon)
(Telencephalon)
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5
Q

Brain Stem Function

A 
Motor Control - Does what the spinal cord does, except in the head, neck and face
Special Senses - Taste,  Hearing
Homeostatic Circuits
ANS Control
Neuromodulatory Transmitters
Memory
Arousal
Breathing
Sleep/Wake Cycle
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6
Q

Cerebellum Function

A

Important in motor control

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7
Q

2 Divisions of the Diencephalon

A

Thalamus

Hypothalamus

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8
Q

Thalamus Function

A

Gateway to cortex

All info from spinal cord and brainstem (sensorimotor, consciousness) EXCEPT olfaction

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9
Q

3 Cerebral Hemisphere Components

A

Telencephalon
Cerebral Cortex
Basal Ganglia

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10
Q

How many neurons are in the cerebellum?

A

About the same amount as in the rest of the brain combined

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11
Q

What is contained in the top 3mm of the surface of the cortex?

A

All the neurons of the cerebral hemisphere. The rest is white matter.

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12
Q

What is white matter?

A

Myelinated axons

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13
Q

4 Lobes of the Cerebral Cortex

A

Frontal
Parietal
Temporal
Occipital

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14
Q

Frontal Lobe Function

A 
Motor
Motor planning
Speech
Executive decisions
Working memory
Emotional processing
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15
Q

Parietal Lobe Function

A 
Somatosensory processing
Attention
Visual processing
Body image
Sensory-motor transformation
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16
Q

Temporal Lobe Function

A 
Auditory processing
Visual processing
Language
Declarative memory
Emotional processing
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17
Q

Occipital Lobe Function

A

Visual

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18
Q

Lateral Sulcus/Fissure

A

Separates Temporal Lobe from Frontal Lobe & Parietal Lobe

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19
Q

Central Suclus/Fissure

A

Separates Frontal Lobe from Parietal Lobe

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20
Q

Precentral Gyrus

A

Primary Motor Cortex adjacent to the Central Sulcus, at the posterior ridge of the Frontal Lobe (lateral)

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21
Q

Motor Control: How much surface area is dedicated to a body part?

A

Proportional to the amount of activity required to control that body part (# of muscles to control, essentially)

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22
Q

Postcentral Gyrus

A

Primary Somatosensory Cortex adjacent to the Central Suclus, at the anterior ridge of the Parietal Lobe (lateral)

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23
Q

Moving superiorly to inferiorly along the Central Sulcus, what body parts do you control?

A

Legs (most superior) to Face (most inferior).

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24
Q

Broca’s Area

A

Frontal Lobe (LEFT only) - Motor aspect of speech. Your grammar lives here.

25
Q

Occipital Lobe

A

Primary Visual Processing Center

26
Q

Cingulate Gyrus

A

Emotional memory

27
Q

Corpus Callosum

A

Axon track connecting regions of the brain

28
Q

Parietal Occipital Sulcus/Fissure

A

Separates Parietal Lobe from Occipital Lobe

29
Q

What is at a right angle to the Parietal Occipital Fissure?

A

Calcarine Fissure

30
Q

Calcarine Fissure

A

Extends from Parietal Occipital Fissure to Occipital Pole. Primary Visual Cortex

31
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Regulates Pituitary function
Homeostasis
Desires driven by homeostatic needs
Survival

32
Q

Location - Orbital Cortex

A

Just superior to where the eyes sit

33
Q

Gyrus Rectus

A

Frontal Lobe (medial, inferior) - Processes olfactory information from the Olfactory Bulb

34
Q

Olfactory Bulb

A

Receives olfactory input from periphery, processes it, transmits to Gyrus Rectus

35
Q

Location - Parahippocampal Gyrus

A

Most medial part of the inferior Temporal Lobe.

36
Q

Components - Parahippocampal Gyrus

A

Amygdala

Hippocampus

37
Q

Amygdala - Function

A

Emotional Valence (fearful, happy, others)

38
Q

Hippocampus - Function

A

Explicit Learning - Facts, navigating space

39
Q

Alzheimer’s typically begins where?

A

Parahippocampal Gyrus (degeneration)

40
Q

Location - Occipital Temporal Gyrus

A

From Temporal Pole to Occipital Pole

41
Q

Occipital Temporal Gyrus - Function

A

Processing of visual information
Facial recognition
You have specific neurons dedicated to recognizing Britney Spears

42
Q

Excitatory Neurotransmitter

A

Glutamate

43
Q

Nerves - General Function

A

Bring in sensory information to CNS

Send out motor commands to Periphery

44
Q

Commissure

A

A bunch of nerve fibers that go from one side of the brain to the other

45
Q

Tracts

A

Large bundle of axons conveying information from one brain center to another

46
Q

Peduncles

A

Cerebral

Cerebellar

47
Q

Telencephalon Components

A

Caudate Nucleus

Putamen

48
Q

Internal Capsule

A

Descending cortical axons separating Caudate Nucleus from Putamen in the Telencephalon.
Beyond the Diencephalon (in the Midbrain), the name changes to Cerebral Peduncle
At the medulla, it becomes the pyramid tract

49
Q

Cerebellar Peduncle

A

Fiber tracts connecting Cerebellum with the rest of the Brain Stem and CNS

50
Q

Dorsal Midbrain Nuclei

A

Superior Colliculus

Inferior Colliculus

51
Q

Inferior Colliculus

A

Projects from nucleus in Midbrain through one of the Thalamic Nuclei to reach the Medial Geniculate Nucleus (Auditory Processing)

52
Q

Medial Geniculate Nucleus - Function

A

Auditory Processing

53
Q

Lateral Geniculate Nucleus

A

Visual Processing

54
Q

All cranial nerves (except IV) extend from which surface?

A

Ventral

55
Q

The Trochlear Nerve extends from which surface?

A

Dorsal, then curves around to innervate Superior Oblique

56
Q

Dorsal Column Nuclei

A

Somatosensory information

57
Q

Motor Decussation

A

Boundary between Medulla and Spinal Cord

58
Q

Grey Matter

A

Cell bodies

Neuroscience and NeuroAnatomy (41 decks)

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