Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology Y12 > 4 Genetics - Transcription and Translation > Flashcards

4 Genetics - Transcription and Translation Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is a codon?

A

a sequence of 3 bases on mRNA which codes for an amino acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is a genome?

A

a complete set of chromosomes/ genes in a cell , this includes mitochondrial and ribosomal chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is a proteome?

A

the full range of proteins produced by the genome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is mRNA

A

messenger RNA, made in the nucleus and contains codons, transfers the genetic code from the nucleus to a ribosome in the cytoplasm, it leaves the nucleus via a nuclear pore

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is tRNA?

A

contains anticodons and attaches to amino acids where it forms weak H bonds.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the main function of transcription?

A

Making RNA, this happens in the nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Step 1 of transcription

A

RNA polymerase binds to promoter region on the DNA, this breaks the hydrogen bonds between bases to reveal the template strand.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Step 2 of transcription

A

Free RNA nucleotides found in the nucleoplasm pair in a complimentary manner to the template strand, forming phosphodiester bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Step 3 of transcription

A

RNA polymerase catalyses the rejoining of DNA strands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Step 4 of transcription

A

Pre - mRNA contains non coding introns, these are removed through a process called splicing, this joins the exons together, the mRNA then leaves via the nuclear pore

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the main function of translation?

A

making an amino acid chain from mRNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What type of ribosomes are in eukaryotic cells?

A

80s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Step 1 of translation

A

mRNA is attracted to the ribosome.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Step 2 of translation

A

tRNA arrives at the ribosome attached to an amino acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Step 3 of translation

A

tRNA anticodon pairs to the complimentary codons on the mRNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Step 4 of translation

A

the first code is always AUG, this codes for amino acid methionine

17
Q

Step 5 of translation

A

Codons are always transcribed in 3s, each tRNA brings a new amino acid to the mRNA

18
Q

Step 6 of translation

A

tRNA detaches from amino acid as peptide bonds form between adjacent amino acids

19
Q

where does RNA polymerase bind to?

A

the promoter region on DNA

Biology Y12 (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions