2 BM - Proteins Flashcards
What type of bonds do proteins have?
Peptide bonds.
What is the R group of an amino acid and what does it usually contain?
The R group is the defining group of the protein, determining its properties and functions, it usually contains: carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
What amino acid has it’s R group as one singular S atom?
Cysteine.
What amino acid has it’s defining R group as one singular H atom?
Glycine
Where do amino acids make bonds to form dipeptides?
They bond together on the end of the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amine group of another amino acid.
What is the primary structure of a protein?
The extremely specific sequence of amino acids joined together in a polypeptide chain, this determines their 3D structure and can also effect the active site shape of an enzyme.
What is the secondary structure of a protein?
The secondary structure relates to the hydrogen bonds only. Fibrous proteins form structures such as beta pleated sheets and alpha helixes, this occurs due to interaction between the weak negative charges of N and O interacting with the positively charged H atoms, creating H bonds, the secondary structure relates only to the hydrogen bonds between the amine and carboxyl groups.
What is the tertiary structure of a protein?
The tertiary structure of a protein usually relates to globular proteins and the additional bonds they form between R groups due to the secondary structure allowing these bonds to be formed. The bonds that can be formed are: Hydrogen bonds, Disulphide bonds, Ionic bonds and Weak hydrophobic interactions. This structure is common in all enzymes and hormones, but only some antibodies.
What the the quaternary structure of a protein?
The quaternary structure of a protein occurs when more than only polypeptide chain is in the protein, this joins together to create the quaternary structure, each of these polypeptide chains can be referred to as a sub-unit of the protein. These are commonly macromolecules that serve functional purposes, for example, haemoglobin and some antibodies.
What are Hydrogen bonds in the tertiary structure?
H bonds are between R groups.
What are Disulphide bonds in the tertiary structure?
Bonds between only cysteine amino acids (this means they contain sulphur)
What are Ionic bonds in the tertiary structure?
Ionic bonds are between charged R groups.
What are the weak hydrophobic interactions between in the tertiary structure of a protein?
Weak hydrophobic interactions are between polar and non-polar groups within the structure.
What structure is fiborous proteins?
Secondary structure.
What structure is globular proteins?
Tertiary Structure.
