4. Civil War Flashcards
What did the Arabs do a few days after the UN voted?
Arab higher committee called a three-day strike
Who called a three-day strike a few days after the UN voted?
Arab higher committee
What was the impact of the Arab higher committee calling a three-day strike a few days after the UN voted?
Violence against Jewish civilians
What happened in December 1947?
British announced they were leaving Palestine
When did the British announce that they were leaving Palestine?
December 1947
In December 1947, when did the British say that they were leaving Palestine?
May 1948
What was the impact of the British saying that they were leaving Palestine by December 1947?
Fighting between Jews and Arabs intensified
After the three-day strike and violence breaking out against Jews, how did they respond?
Jewish agency was prepared as they had known that the Arabs would resist the establishment of a Jewish state
What was the fighting like between the Jews and Arabs after the British announced that they were leaving Palestine?
Jews were originally more defensive, protecting land allocated to them by the UN but then they went on the offensive and tried to gain control of Arab settlements
What arrived in 1948?
Soldiers from Syria and Iraq began to cross into Palestine to help the Arabs
When did soldiers from Syria and Iraq begin to cross into Palestine to help the Arabs?
1948
How did the Jews react to the soldiers from Syria and Iraq coming into Palestine to help the Arabs in 1948?
No surprise to Jewish leaders. They expected the Arabs to invade Palestine when the British left and a Jewish state was established
What happened in March 1948?
Haganah came up with Plan D
When did Haganah come up with Plan D?
1948
Who came up with Plan D in 1948?
Haganah
What was the aim of the 1948 plan D?
Take over any installations evacuated by the British, especially military bases
Expel as many Palestinians as possible from future Jewish states
What plan included:
Take over any installations evacuated by the British, especially military bases
Expel as many Palestinians as possible from future Jewish states?
1948 Plan D
What happened by February 1948?
Many of the Palestinian elite such as land owners and business people had left Palestine
When had many of the Palestinian elite such as land owners and business people had left Palestine?
February 1948
What was the impact of many of the Palestinian elite such as land owners and business people leaving Palestine?
Contributed to a feeling of mass insecurity amongst the Arab masses, especially in villages encouraging others to leave
What happened in April 1948
Jewish forces began the forceful expulsion of Arabs from villages inside what was to become the Jewish state
When had Jewish forces began the forceful expulsion of Arabs from villages inside what was to become the Jewish state?
April 1948
After the forceful expulsion of April 1948, what villages were cleared of their Arab population?
Villages along the coast from Tel Aviv to Haifa
After the forceful expulsion of Arabs in April 1948, what happened to villages along the coast from Tel Aviv to Haifa?
Cleared of their Arab population
In the April 1948, expulsion of Arabs, how did the Jews force Arabs out of villages?
Armed Jewish forces surrounded each village on three sides, forcing the villagers to flee from the fourth side
What happened to Arabs that refused to leave in the April 1948 expulsion of Arabs?
Forced onto lorries and driven away to Transjordan
Why were Arabs put in lorries and driven to Transjordan?
This would happen if Arabs that refused to leave in the April 1948 expulsion of Arabs
What were the characteristics of towns like Jaffa and Haifa ?
Mixed Arab and Jewish towns
Give some examples of mixed Arab-jewish towns
Jaffa
Haifa
What was the Arab population in Haifa?
100,000
What town had an Arab population of 100,000?
Haifa
In the April 1948 expulsion of Arabs, what was set of in?
Explosions in Arab areas of the city
In the April 1948 expulsion of Arabs, what city did the Jewish forces set off explosions in Arab areas?
Haifa
In the April 1948 expulsion of Arabs, why did nearly the whole of the Arab population in Haifa (100,000) flee?
Jewish forces set off explosions in Arab areas
In the April 1948 expulsion of Arabs, what was the impact of Jewish forces setting off explosions in Arab areas in Haifa?
Nearly the whole of the Arab population in Haifa (100,000) flee
In what city were there struggles to control roads?
Jerusalem
What was the plan regarding Jewish attacks?
Some were in retaliation to the Palestinian attacks
Planned to rid Jewish states of Arabs
What area was attacked in April 1948 by Irgun (led by Menachem Begin)?
Deir Yassin (Arab territory under the UN plan)
When was Deir Yassin attacked by Irgun, who was led by Menachem Begin?
April 1948
What did Menachem Begin do in April 1948?
Attacked the UN Arab area Deir Yassin
When did the British withdraw?
14th May 1948
What happened on the 14th of May 1948?
British withdrew from Palestine
How many Arabs had left Palestine by May 1948?
300,000
By what period did 300,000 Arabs leave Palestine?
14th May 1948
How did the Palestine National Committee under the leadership of DR Hussein Fakhri El Khalidi do?
Make Arab governments send their troops by exaggerating the damage. In a radio broadcast, they said ‘We want you to say that Jews slaughtered people, committed atrocities, raped and sold gold’
Who said ‘We want you to say that Jews slaughtered people, committed atrocities, raped and sold gold’ on the radio broadcast in response to the attack on Deir Yassin?
Palestine National Committee under the leadership of DR Hussein Fakhri El Khalidi
What did Palestine National Committee under the leadership of DR Hussein Fakhri El Khalidi say on the radio in response to the attack on Deir Yassin?
‘We want you to say that Jews slaughtered people, committed atrocities, raped and sold gold’
What was the impact of the Palestine National Committee under the leadership of DR Hussein Fakhri El Khalidi saying ‘We want you to say that Jews slaughtered people, committed atrocities, raped and sold gold’?
Exodus began
How many Palestinians had left Palestine by the time the Arab nations had invaded Palestine in May 1948?
200,000
In what period, were there around 200,000 Palestinians who had left Palestine?
By the time Arab nations had invaded Palestine, May 1948
In the beginning of 1949, how many refugees did the UN estimate?
750,000
In what year did the UN estimate 750,000 refugees?
Beginning of 1949
Who estimated that there was 750,000 refugees in the beginning of 1949?
UN
How many refugees were estimated by June 1949?
940,000, coming from 369 Palestinian towns and villages
In what period was it estimated that there were 940,000 refugees, coming from 369 Palestinian towns?
June 1949
In June 1949, how many villages did the 940,000 refugees come from?
369 towns
What was the Israeli opinion about the exodus?
Said that invading Arab states urged Palestinians to leave to smooth the path for invading troops
What were the two points of contention?
How many Palestinians left
Reason for exodus
Who was responsible for the refugee problem
Who said that invading Arab states urged Palestinians to leave to smooth the path for troops?
Israeli
What was the Arab opinion about the exodus?
Charged Israel for the expulsion of the Palestinians as part of some systemic campaign of ethnic cleansing
Who charged Israel for the expulsion of the Palestinians as part of some systemic campaign of ethnic cleansing?
Arabs
What happened in July 1948?
Expulsion of Palestinians from Lydda and Ramle
When was there the expulsion of Palestinians from Lydda and Ramle?
July 1948
What happened in Nazareth?
Arab residents surrender means that they were allowed to stay
In what area did Arab residents surrender, which meant that they were allowed to stay?
Nazareth
Who were the first to leave after the civil war?
Upper and middle classes but they hoped to return once fighting finished
Why was there a refugee problem?
Arabs demanded all Palestinians return home (refused to allow them to intergrate)
Israelis believed that Palestinians should integrate into Arab nations as from 1948 many Jews from Arab countries had migrated to Israel. (Didn’t want Palestinians who enable political and economic instability)
Where did Palestinians migrate?
Persian Gulf Europe North America Beirut Amman Damascus Cairo
