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Depth study: Palestine > 4. Civil War > Flashcards

4. Civil War Flashcards

1
Q

What did the Arabs do a few days after the UN voted?

A

Arab higher committee called a three-day strike

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2
Q

Who called a three-day strike a few days after the UN voted?

A

Arab higher committee

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3
Q

What was the impact of the Arab higher committee calling a three-day strike a few days after the UN voted?

A

Violence against Jewish civilians

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4
Q

What happened in December 1947?

A

British announced they were leaving Palestine

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5
Q

When did the British announce that they were leaving Palestine?

A

December 1947

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6
Q

In December 1947, when did the British say that they were leaving Palestine?

A

May 1948

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7
Q

What was the impact of the British saying that they were leaving Palestine by December 1947?

A

Fighting between Jews and Arabs intensified

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8
Q

After the three-day strike and violence breaking out against Jews, how did they respond?

A

Jewish agency was prepared as they had known that the Arabs would resist the establishment of a Jewish state

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9
Q

What was the fighting like between the Jews and Arabs after the British announced that they were leaving Palestine?

A

Jews were originally more defensive, protecting land allocated to them by the UN but then they went on the offensive and tried to gain control of Arab settlements

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10
Q

What arrived in 1948?

A

Soldiers from Syria and Iraq began to cross into Palestine to help the Arabs

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11
Q

When did soldiers from Syria and Iraq begin to cross into Palestine to help the Arabs?

A

1948

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12
Q

How did the Jews react to the soldiers from Syria and Iraq coming into Palestine to help the Arabs in 1948?

A

No surprise to Jewish leaders. They expected the Arabs to invade Palestine when the British left and a Jewish state was established

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13
Q

What happened in March 1948?

A

Haganah came up with Plan D

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14
Q

When did Haganah come up with Plan D?

A

1948

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15
Q

Who came up with Plan D in 1948?

A

Haganah

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16
Q

What was the aim of the 1948 plan D?

A

Take over any installations evacuated by the British, especially military bases
Expel as many Palestinians as possible from future Jewish states

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17
Q

What plan included:
Take over any installations evacuated by the British, especially military bases
Expel as many Palestinians as possible from future Jewish states?

A

1948 Plan D

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18
Q

What happened by February 1948?

A

Many of the Palestinian elite such as land owners and business people had left Palestine

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19
Q

When had many of the Palestinian elite such as land owners and business people had left Palestine?

A

February 1948

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20
Q

What was the impact of many of the Palestinian elite such as land owners and business people leaving Palestine?

A

Contributed to a feeling of mass insecurity amongst the Arab masses, especially in villages encouraging others to leave

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21
Q

What happened in April 1948

A

Jewish forces began the forceful expulsion of Arabs from villages inside what was to become the Jewish state

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22
Q

When had Jewish forces began the forceful expulsion of Arabs from villages inside what was to become the Jewish state?

A

April 1948

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23
Q

After the forceful expulsion of April 1948, what villages were cleared of their Arab population?

A

Villages along the coast from Tel Aviv to Haifa

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24
Q

After the forceful expulsion of Arabs in April 1948, what happened to villages along the coast from Tel Aviv to Haifa?

A

Cleared of their Arab population

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25
Q

In the April 1948, expulsion of Arabs, how did the Jews force Arabs out of villages?

A

Armed Jewish forces surrounded each village on three sides, forcing the villagers to flee from the fourth side

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26
Q

What happened to Arabs that refused to leave in the April 1948 expulsion of Arabs?

A

Forced onto lorries and driven away to Transjordan

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27
Q

Why were Arabs put in lorries and driven to Transjordan?

A

This would happen if Arabs that refused to leave in the April 1948 expulsion of Arabs

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28
Q

What were the characteristics of towns like Jaffa and Haifa ?

A

Mixed Arab and Jewish towns

29
Q

Give some examples of mixed Arab-jewish towns

A

Jaffa

Haifa

30
Q

What was the Arab population in Haifa?

A

100,000

31
Q

What town had an Arab population of 100,000?

A

Haifa

32
Q

In the April 1948 expulsion of Arabs, what was set of in?

A

Explosions in Arab areas of the city

33
Q

In the April 1948 expulsion of Arabs, what city did the Jewish forces set off explosions in Arab areas?

A

Haifa

34
Q

In the April 1948 expulsion of Arabs, why did nearly the whole of the Arab population in Haifa (100,000) flee?

A

Jewish forces set off explosions in Arab areas

35
Q

In the April 1948 expulsion of Arabs, what was the impact of Jewish forces setting off explosions in Arab areas in Haifa?

A

Nearly the whole of the Arab population in Haifa (100,000) flee

36
Q

In what city were there struggles to control roads?

A

Jerusalem

37
Q

What was the plan regarding Jewish attacks?

A

Some were in retaliation to the Palestinian attacks

Planned to rid Jewish states of Arabs

38
Q

What area was attacked in April 1948 by Irgun (led by Menachem Begin)?

A

Deir Yassin (Arab territory under the UN plan)

39
Q

When was Deir Yassin attacked by Irgun, who was led by Menachem Begin?

A

April 1948

40
Q

What did Menachem Begin do in April 1948?

A

Attacked the UN Arab area Deir Yassin

41
Q

When did the British withdraw?

A

14th May 1948

42
Q

What happened on the 14th of May 1948?

A

British withdrew from Palestine

43
Q

How many Arabs had left Palestine by May 1948?

A

300,000

44
Q

By what period did 300,000 Arabs leave Palestine?

A

14th May 1948

45
Q

How did the Palestine National Committee under the leadership of DR Hussein Fakhri El Khalidi do?

A

Make Arab governments send their troops by exaggerating the damage. In a radio broadcast, they said ‘We want you to say that Jews slaughtered people, committed atrocities, raped and sold gold’

46
Q

Who said ‘We want you to say that Jews slaughtered people, committed atrocities, raped and sold gold’ on the radio broadcast in response to the attack on Deir Yassin?

A

Palestine National Committee under the leadership of DR Hussein Fakhri El Khalidi

47
Q

What did Palestine National Committee under the leadership of DR Hussein Fakhri El Khalidi say on the radio in response to the attack on Deir Yassin?

A

‘We want you to say that Jews slaughtered people, committed atrocities, raped and sold gold’

48
Q

What was the impact of the Palestine National Committee under the leadership of DR Hussein Fakhri El Khalidi saying ‘We want you to say that Jews slaughtered people, committed atrocities, raped and sold gold’?

A

Exodus began

49
Q

How many Palestinians had left Palestine by the time the Arab nations had invaded Palestine in May 1948?

A

200,000

50
Q

In what period, were there around 200,000 Palestinians who had left Palestine?

A

By the time Arab nations had invaded Palestine, May 1948

51
Q

In the beginning of 1949, how many refugees did the UN estimate?

A

750,000

52
Q

In what year did the UN estimate 750,000 refugees?

A

Beginning of 1949

53
Q

Who estimated that there was 750,000 refugees in the beginning of 1949?

A

UN

54
Q

How many refugees were estimated by June 1949?

A

940,000, coming from 369 Palestinian towns and villages

55
Q

In what period was it estimated that there were 940,000 refugees, coming from 369 Palestinian towns?

A

June 1949

56
Q

In June 1949, how many villages did the 940,000 refugees come from?

A

369 towns

57
Q

What was the Israeli opinion about the exodus?

A

Said that invading Arab states urged Palestinians to leave to smooth the path for invading troops

58
Q

What were the two points of contention?

A

How many Palestinians left
Reason for exodus
Who was responsible for the refugee problem

59
Q

Who said that invading Arab states urged Palestinians to leave to smooth the path for troops?

A

Israeli

60
Q

What was the Arab opinion about the exodus?

A

Charged Israel for the expulsion of the Palestinians as part of some systemic campaign of ethnic cleansing

61
Q

Who charged Israel for the expulsion of the Palestinians as part of some systemic campaign of ethnic cleansing?

A

Arabs

62
Q

What happened in July 1948?

A

Expulsion of Palestinians from Lydda and Ramle

63
Q

When was there the expulsion of Palestinians from Lydda and Ramle?

A

July 1948

64
Q

What happened in Nazareth?

A

Arab residents surrender means that they were allowed to stay

65
Q

In what area did Arab residents surrender, which meant that they were allowed to stay?

A

Nazareth

66
Q

Who were the first to leave after the civil war?

A

Upper and middle classes but they hoped to return once fighting finished

67
Q

Why was there a refugee problem?

A

Arabs demanded all Palestinians return home (refused to allow them to intergrate)
Israelis believed that Palestinians should integrate into Arab nations as from 1948 many Jews from Arab countries had migrated to Israel. (Didn’t want Palestinians who enable political and economic instability)

68
Q

Where did Palestinians migrate?

A 
Persian Gulf 
Europe 
North America
Beirut 
Amman 
Damascus 
Cairo

Depth study: Palestine (18 decks)

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