3. Struma Flashcards
What happened in the 12th of December 1941?
Struma sailed to Constanza in Romania with 769 Jewish refugees
When did the Struma sailed to Constanza in Romania with 769 Jewish refugees?
12th December 1941
Why did Jews need to escape from Romania?
German ally who was turning its Jewish population over to Hitler’s SS
Which German ally who was turning its Jewish population over to Hitler’s SS?
Romania
Who was the vessel commissioned by?
New Zionist organisation
Irgun
What did the New Zionist organisation and Irgun do?
Commissioned the Struma
What was the objective of the Struma?
Anchor in Turkey and from there await immigration certificates for Palestine
Once in Turkey what did the Struma plan to do
Await immigration certificates for Palestine
How long did the ship sail for?
3 days
Where did the engine die?
Istanbul
What happened three days after the ship set sail in Istanbul?
The engine died
Why did the Turkish government not help the ship when the engine died
Fear that the British would not give them certificates in Turkey will be forced to give them refuge
Out of fear of not giving the passengers citizenship what did the Turkish government do?
Didn’t allow the disembarkation of the passengers
How long did the ship remain docked in Istanbul?
70 days
What happened for 70 days?
Ship remained docked in Istanbul
Why did the British refuse to give the passengers citizenship?
Keeping in terms of the 1939 white paper
What was the impact of the 1939 white paper?
Prevented the British from giving the Jews citizenship
What did the Turks not allow the Jews to do to the broken ship?
They didn’t allow them to repair the engine
Who gave appeals to the Turkish government to help them fix the engine?
The captain of the ship
What did the captain of the ship say?
The ship was unable to continue on his way
What happened on the 23rd of February 1942?
Turkish authorities sent the ship back to the Black Sea
When did the Turkish authorities send the ship to the Black Sea?
The 23rd of February 1942
What happened on the 24th of February 1942
An explosion was heard and the ship went down
When was the explosion heard and the ship went down
24th of February 1942
Much later what was determined that sunk the ship?
A torpedo from a Russian submarine
What was the impact of the torpedo from a Russian submarine?
Caused the ship to sink
How many passengers survived
One
Out of all the passengers who died how many were children
103
What happened to 103 children
Died
How did the Zionist see the sinking of the Struma?
Proof that the British were on untrustworthy
Who was seen as responsible?
Harold MacMichael, high commission in Palestine
Lord Moyne, Colonial secretary
What were Harold MacMichael, high commission in Palestine and Lord Moyne, Colonial secretary seen as?
In the eyes of Zionists they were seen as responsible
What happened in November 1944
An attempt on Lord Moynes life by Jewish terrorist group Lehi
What did LEHI Do in November 1944?
Attempted to kill Lord Moynes life
When was there an attempt on Lord Moynes life by Jewish terrorist group Lehi?
November 1944
Who was Lord Moyne a close friend of?
Winston Churchill
What had been happening since 1943
Churchill had the working on a revision of the 1939 white paper
From what year was Churchill working on a revision of the 1939 white paper
Since 1943
What did Churchill say after hearing about the assassination attempt on Moynes
“If our dreams for Zionism are to end in the smoke up and assassins pistol and I’ll labour for its future to produce only a set of gangsters worthy of Nazi Germany, many like myself will have to reconsider the position we have maintained so consistently in the past
Who said: “If our dreams for Zionism are to end in the smoke up and assassins pistol and I’ll labour for its future to produce only a set of gangsters worthy of Nazi Germany, many like myself will have to reconsider the position we have maintained so consistently in the past”?
Lord Moynes
