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Depth study: Palestine > 3. Conflict Over The Western Wall > Flashcards

3. Conflict Over The Western Wall Flashcards

1
Q

Why was the Wailing wall important to Jews?

A

Last remnant of the outer wall that surrounded Herod’s temple, which was built on the presumed site of Solomon’s temple

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2
Q

Which religion regarded the wailing wall as important as the Last remnant of the outer wall that surrounded Herod’s temple, which was built on the presumed site of Solomon’s temple?

A

Jews

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3
Q

To the Jews, what was the wailing wall a relic of?

A

Relic of the sanctuary of ancient Israel

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4
Q

To what religion was the wailing wall a Relic of the sanctuary of ancient Israel?

A

Jews

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5
Q

Why was the wailing wall important to Muslims?

A

Outer perimeter of the Haram al-Sharif, third holiest site in Islam. Prophet Muhammad ascended to heaven on his night journey in this places and Muhammad tethered his horse, al-Buraq, before his accession.

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6
Q

What religion regarded the wall as important because it was the Outer perimeter of the Haram al-Sharif, third holiest site in Islam. Prophet Muhammad ascended to heaven on his night journey in this places and Muhammad tethered his horse, al-Buraq, before his accession.

A

Muslims

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7
Q

According to Muslim belief, who ascended to heaven on his night journey in this places and tethered his horse, al-Buraq, before his accession?

A

Muhammad

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8
Q

What is the name of the whole Mohammed has covered before his ascension at the wall?

A

Al-Buraq

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9
Q

Who is Al-Buraq?

A

The horse that Mohammed has tethered before the ascension at the wall

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10
Q

What name did the Muslims get the wall?

A

Al-Buraq

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11
Q

How was the wall administered?

A

Charitable estate which made it part of a religious foundation, the Maghrebi Waqf, named after Moroccans who had inhabited the area

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12
Q

What had Jews always done at the wall?

A

Prayed

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13
Q

What happened during the 19th century?

A

Jewish population increases

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14
Q

What was the impact of the Jewish population increasing in the 19th century?

A

Jewish population increased in a Jerusalem and began to acquire foreign protection from foreign consuls

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15
Q

What long-standing tradition did the Jews attempt to change?

A

Bringing chairs to the wall on which the elderly could rest and a screen to divide male and female worshippers

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16
Q

Who tried to change the walls rules through Bringing chairs to the wall on which the elderly could rest and a screen to divide male and female worshippers?

A

Jews

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17
Q

How did Muslims react to the Jews Bringing chairs to the wall on which the elderly could rest and a screen to divide male and female worshippers?

A

Opposed it

Fearful that any alterations of the status quo would inspire more demands for change

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18
Q

Who Opposed the Jews Bringing chairs to the wall on which the elderly could rest and a screen to divide male and female worshippers, as they were Fearful that any alterations of the status quo would inspire more demands for change?

A

Arabsh

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19
Q

Who backed the Jews demands for Bringing chairs to the wall on which the elderly could rest and a screen to divide male and female worshippers?

A

Istanbul

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20
Q

What happened when the British gained power

A

Issues became increasingly politicised

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21
Q

What caused the issue to become increasingly politicised?

A

British assumption of power

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22
Q

What were the terms of the mandate?

A

Maintaining the status quo

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23
Q

What did Weizmann do in 1919?

A

Proposed buying the wall from Maghrebi waqf

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24
Q

In 1919, Who offered to buy the wall from Maghrebi waqf

A

Weizmann

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25
Q

In what year did Weizmann offer to buy the wall from Maghrebi waqf?

A

1919

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26
Q

What did Colonel Fredrick Kisch of the PZE suggest in 1926?

A

Force Moroccans out of their houses in the area adjacent to the wall. Demolish the buildings in order to create a more broader area for the worshipers

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27
Q

Who suggested to Force Moroccans out of their houses in the area adjacent to the wall. Demolish the buildings in order to create a more broader area for the worshipers in 1926?

A

Colonel Fredrick Kisch of the PZE

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28
Q

When did Colonel Fredrick Kisch of the PZE suggest forcing Moroccans out of their houses in the area adjacent to the wall. Demolish the buildings in order to create a more broader area for the worshipers

A

1926

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29
Q

How did Muslims view the Jewish attempt to buy the wall?

A

Example of Zionist wish to take over Palestine

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30
Q

Who saw the Jews attempt to buy the wall as an Example of Zionist wish to take over Palestine?

A

Arabs

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31
Q

When was the Supreme Muslim Council established?

A

1922

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32
Q

What happened in 1922?

A

Supreme Muslim Council was established

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33
Q

What did Hajj Amin al-Husayni do?

A

Stressed the sacred Muslim nature of the wall and challenged Zionist attempts to modify the conditions of prayer

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34
Q

Who Stressed the sacred Muslim nature of the wall and challenged Zionist attempts to modify the conditions of prayer

A

Hajj Amin al-Husayni

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35
Q

What did the British do?

A

Backed the Muslim countries to supervision of the entire area

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36
Q

Who sent emissaries to seek financial aid from a Muslim countries?

A

Al-Husayni

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37
Q

What did Al-Husayni do to gain financial support?

A

sent emissaries to seek financial aid from a Muslim countries

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38
Q

What painting was discovered?

A

Done in the latter part of the nineteenth century which showed the Dome of Rock crowned with the Star of David, symbol of Jewish nationalism.

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39
Q

How much did Weizmann collect to buy the walls in December 1928?

A

£61,000

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40
Q

In what year did Weizmann gain £61,000 to buy the wall?

A

December 1928

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41
Q

What happened in December 1928?

A

Weizmann collected £61,000 to buy the wall

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42
Q

Who gained £61,000 in December 1928?

A

Weizmann

43
Q

Why did Weizmann collect £61,000 in December 1928?

A

To buy the wall

44
Q

What happened on the 24th September, 1928?

A

Jews bought a wall to divide males and females

45
Q

When did the Jews bring a wall to divide males and females

A

24th September 1928

46
Q

When the Jews bought a screen on 24th September 1928, what did this block?

A

Blocked the eleven foot wide alley along which the inhabitants of the quarters passed daily

47
Q

What Blocked the eleven foot wide alley along which the inhabitants of the quarters passed daily?

A

24th September 1928: Jews bring a wall to divide males and females

48
Q

What did the Arabs say to the British?

A

Request that the screen be removed to preserve the status quo

49
Q

What happened after the Arabs Requested that the screen be removed to preserve the status quo

A

Remained their into the next day (25th September 1928)

50
Q

After the wall remaining there into the next day, the further Arab complaints led to?

A

Police removed the screen, which had been done forcibly because some resistance by the worshipers

51
Q

Why was there difficulty when removing the wall?

A

Resistance from worshippers

52
Q

Which Jewish leaders had protested to the British government in London and the League of Nations?

A

Leading Zionists officials

Chief Rabbi

53
Q

What did the Leading Zionists officials and Chief Rabbi do after the wall was taken down by police?

A

Protested to the British government in London and the League of Nations

54
Q

What rumours were spread?

A

Claims of police brutality

55
Q

What did one Jewish newspaper compare the Muslims with

A

Russians who participated in the Pogroms even though Muslims didn’t take part in the events at the wall

56
Q

Who compared the Muslims to the Russians who participated in the Pogroms?

A

One Jewish newspaper

57
Q

Who was Hajj Amin al-Hussayni?

A

Head of Supreme Muslim council

58
Q

What was the initial defence Hajj Amin al-Husayni when he reacted to Jewish demands to own the wall?

A

Public calls to the Muslim community

Committee of defence was formed

59
Q

What sparked Muslim concern

A

Jewish propaganda as it seem to validate Hajj Amin al-Husayni claims

60
Q

What was the impact of Jewish propaganda?

A

Caused concern amongst the Muslims as it validated Hajj Amin al-Husayni

61
Q

What did Weizmann say was the only solution to to gain access to the wall, in a open letter to Yishuv, in November 1928?

A

The only way to gain access was to “pour Jews into Palestine”

62
Q

In November 1928, who said the only solution to gaining access to the wall was to “Pour Jews into Palestine”, in an open letter to Yishuv?

A

Weizmann

63
Q

In November 1928, who did Weizmann send a letter to saying that the only way to gain access to the wall was to “pour Jews into Palestine”?

A

Open letter to Yishuv

64
Q

When did Weizmann send an open letter to Yishuv saying that the only way to gain access to the wall was to “Pour Jews into Palestine”?

A

November 1928

65
Q

On November 1928, in an open letter between Weizmann and Yishuv, what was the impact of “pour more Jews into Palestine”?

A

Ability to gain control of the wall and their ancient home-land. This would solve wall issue because Jewish sovereignty would be established

66
Q

What was the impact of Jewish sovereignty?

A

Proof of the Muslim initial suspicion

67
Q

What happened in July 1929?

A

Mufti resumed building activities around the wall

68
Q

When did the Mufti resume building activities around the wall?

A

July 1929

69
Q

In July 1929, who resumed building around the wall?

A

Mufti

70
Q

Why did the Mufti resume building around the wall in July 1929?

A

Hope to pressure the British government to issue a statement supporting Muslim ownership of property

71
Q

How did the Muslims pressure the British government to issue a statement supporting Muslim ownership of property

A

Mufti resume building around the wall in July 1929

72
Q

How did the Zionists react to the Mufti resuming the building around the wall in July 1929?

A

Raised the alarm of Zionists (especially Jabotinsky’s Revisionist Party who formed a committee to defend the wall like the Muslims)

73
Q

What did Jabotinsky’s Revisionist Party do after Mufti had built around the wall in July 1929?

A

Formed a committee to defend the wall

74
Q

After the events of July 1929, what did one rightist paper say?

A

Called for the rebuilding the temple

75
Q

What did Rabi Kook,Spiritual leader of the Jewish community, say?

A

Praised young Jews “willing to sacrifice their lives in the cause of their Holy place”

76
Q

Who Praised young Jews “willing to sacrifice their lives in the cause of their Holy place”

A

Rabi Kook,Spiritual leader of the Jewish community

77
Q

What happened on the 15th of August 1929?

A

Members of Betar, the Revisionist Party’s youth organisation, marched to the wall. They raised the Zionist flag and sang the anthem.

78
Q

When did Members of Betar, the Revisionist Party’s youth organisation, march to the wall and raise the Zionist flag and sang the anthem?

A

15th of August 1929

79
Q

On the 15th of August 1929, what party marched to the wall and raised the Zionist flag and sang the Zionist anthem?

A

Betar, the Revisionist Party’s

80
Q

On the 15th of August, what did the Betar, the Revisionist Party’s do?

A

Marched to the wall and raised the Zionist flag and sang the Zionist anthem

81
Q

What happened on Friday August 16th 1929?

A

Muslim Sabbath saw thousands of Arabs march to the wall and burn the slips of paper inscribed with prayers inserted by Jews

82
Q

When did the Muslim Sabbath see thousands of Arabs march to the wall and burn the slips of paper inscribed with prayers inserted by Jews?

A

Friday 16th August 1929

83
Q

On the 16th of August 1929, who marched to the wall and burnt the slips of paper inscribed with prayers inserted by Jews?

A

Muslim Sabbath saw thousands of Arabs

84
Q

On the 16th of August 1929, what did the Muslim Sabbath saw thousands of Arabs do?

A

Marched to the wall and burnt the slips of paper inscribed with prayers inserted by Jews

85
Q

After the events of 15th of August 1929, what did Muslim sermons do?

A

Called Muslims to defend the wall

86
Q

What happened on Friday the 23rd of August 1929?

A

Rumours spread that Jews were planning an attack on the al-Aqsa mosque. Militants poured in to protect the Haram al-Sharif, inspired by radical speakers. When mufti tried to clam down the mob, some accused him of betraying Islam. Arabs then attacked Jewish quarters, initially in Jerusalem then to other towns.

87
Q

What rumours were spread on Friday the 23rd of August 1929?

A

Jews were planning an attack on the al-Aqsa mosque.

88
Q

What was the impact of rumours that Jews were planning an attack on the al-Aqsa mosque?

A

Militants poured in to protect the Haram al-Sharif, inspired by radical speakers on August 23rd 1929

89
Q

Why did Militants poured in to protect the Haram al-Sharif, inspired by radical speakers on Friday the 23rd of August 1929?

A

Rumours that Jews were planning an attack on the al-Aqsa mosque

90
Q

Who was attacked on the 23rd of August 1929?

A

Arabs initially attacked Jerusalem Jewish quarters then spread to other towns

91
Q

Who was most severely attacked on the 23rd of August 1929?

A

Orthodox Jews as they were unarmed.
64 killed in Hebron
Others in Safad

92
Q

How many people died in Hebron as a result of the Arab attack on the 23rd of August 1929?

A

64

93
Q

What happened to Orthodox Jews as a result of the Arab attack on the 23rd of August 1929?

A

Suffered the most as they were unarmed

94
Q

How did Zionists respond to the Arab attacks on the 23rd of August 1929?

A

Retaliated by invading a mosque in Jaffa to kill a religious leader and six others

95
Q

In the Zionist response to the 23rd of August attacks, how many people were killed as a result of their response?

A

One Muslim religious leader and six others in Jaffa

96
Q

Why did the Zionists invade a mosque in Jaffa and kill a religious leader and six others?

A

In response to the 23rd of August 1929 Arab attacks

97
Q

How long did the rampage after the August 23rd attack last?

A

Nearly a week killing 133 Jews and 116 Arabs

98
Q

What lasted nearly a week and killed 133 Jews and 116 Arabs?

A

Rampage following the August 23rd attack

99
Q

In the Rampage following the August 23rd attack, what were most Arab casualties caused by?

A

British reinforcements who were called to bolster undermanned British force

100
Q

In the Rampage following the August 23rd attack, what was the impact of British reinforcements?

A

Caused most of the Arab casualties

101
Q

Following the Rampage due to the August 23rd attack, what happened to Hebron?

A

Evacuated even though many of its inhabitants were saved by their Arab neighbours and the one policeman there

102
Q

Following the Rampage due to the August 23rd attack, what area was evacuated?

A

Hebron

103
Q

What was the ultimate result of the outbreak?

A

Established Hajj Amin al-Husayni as the leader of the Palestinian Arabs while reducing Arab influence of British policy

Depth study: Palestine (18 decks)

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