3. Conflict Over The Western Wall Flashcards
Why was the Wailing wall important to Jews?
Last remnant of the outer wall that surrounded Herod’s temple, which was built on the presumed site of Solomon’s temple
Which religion regarded the wailing wall as important as the Last remnant of the outer wall that surrounded Herod’s temple, which was built on the presumed site of Solomon’s temple?
Jews
To the Jews, what was the wailing wall a relic of?
Relic of the sanctuary of ancient Israel
To what religion was the wailing wall a Relic of the sanctuary of ancient Israel?
Jews
Why was the wailing wall important to Muslims?
Outer perimeter of the Haram al-Sharif, third holiest site in Islam. Prophet Muhammad ascended to heaven on his night journey in this places and Muhammad tethered his horse, al-Buraq, before his accession.
What religion regarded the wall as important because it was the Outer perimeter of the Haram al-Sharif, third holiest site in Islam. Prophet Muhammad ascended to heaven on his night journey in this places and Muhammad tethered his horse, al-Buraq, before his accession.
Muslims
According to Muslim belief, who ascended to heaven on his night journey in this places and tethered his horse, al-Buraq, before his accession?
Muhammad
What is the name of the whole Mohammed has covered before his ascension at the wall?
Al-Buraq
Who is Al-Buraq?
The horse that Mohammed has tethered before the ascension at the wall
What name did the Muslims get the wall?
Al-Buraq
How was the wall administered?
Charitable estate which made it part of a religious foundation, the Maghrebi Waqf, named after Moroccans who had inhabited the area
What had Jews always done at the wall?
Prayed
What happened during the 19th century?
Jewish population increases
What was the impact of the Jewish population increasing in the 19th century?
Jewish population increased in a Jerusalem and began to acquire foreign protection from foreign consuls
What long-standing tradition did the Jews attempt to change?
Bringing chairs to the wall on which the elderly could rest and a screen to divide male and female worshippers
Who tried to change the walls rules through Bringing chairs to the wall on which the elderly could rest and a screen to divide male and female worshippers?
Jews
How did Muslims react to the Jews Bringing chairs to the wall on which the elderly could rest and a screen to divide male and female worshippers?
Opposed it
Fearful that any alterations of the status quo would inspire more demands for change
Who Opposed the Jews Bringing chairs to the wall on which the elderly could rest and a screen to divide male and female worshippers, as they were Fearful that any alterations of the status quo would inspire more demands for change?
Arabsh
Who backed the Jews demands for Bringing chairs to the wall on which the elderly could rest and a screen to divide male and female worshippers?
Istanbul
What happened when the British gained power
Issues became increasingly politicised
What caused the issue to become increasingly politicised?
British assumption of power
What were the terms of the mandate?
Maintaining the status quo
What did Weizmann do in 1919?
Proposed buying the wall from Maghrebi waqf
In 1919, Who offered to buy the wall from Maghrebi waqf
Weizmann
In what year did Weizmann offer to buy the wall from Maghrebi waqf?
1919
What did Colonel Fredrick Kisch of the PZE suggest in 1926?
Force Moroccans out of their houses in the area adjacent to the wall. Demolish the buildings in order to create a more broader area for the worshipers
Who suggested to Force Moroccans out of their houses in the area adjacent to the wall. Demolish the buildings in order to create a more broader area for the worshipers in 1926?
Colonel Fredrick Kisch of the PZE
When did Colonel Fredrick Kisch of the PZE suggest forcing Moroccans out of their houses in the area adjacent to the wall. Demolish the buildings in order to create a more broader area for the worshipers
1926
How did Muslims view the Jewish attempt to buy the wall?
Example of Zionist wish to take over Palestine
Who saw the Jews attempt to buy the wall as an Example of Zionist wish to take over Palestine?
Arabs
When was the Supreme Muslim Council established?
1922
What happened in 1922?
Supreme Muslim Council was established
What did Hajj Amin al-Husayni do?
Stressed the sacred Muslim nature of the wall and challenged Zionist attempts to modify the conditions of prayer
Who Stressed the sacred Muslim nature of the wall and challenged Zionist attempts to modify the conditions of prayer
Hajj Amin al-Husayni
What did the British do?
Backed the Muslim countries to supervision of the entire area
Who sent emissaries to seek financial aid from a Muslim countries?
Al-Husayni
What did Al-Husayni do to gain financial support?
sent emissaries to seek financial aid from a Muslim countries
What painting was discovered?
Done in the latter part of the nineteenth century which showed the Dome of Rock crowned with the Star of David, symbol of Jewish nationalism.
How much did Weizmann collect to buy the walls in December 1928?
£61,000
In what year did Weizmann gain £61,000 to buy the wall?
December 1928
What happened in December 1928?
Weizmann collected £61,000 to buy the wall
Who gained £61,000 in December 1928?
Weizmann
Why did Weizmann collect £61,000 in December 1928?
To buy the wall
What happened on the 24th September, 1928?
Jews bought a wall to divide males and females
When did the Jews bring a wall to divide males and females
24th September 1928
When the Jews bought a screen on 24th September 1928, what did this block?
Blocked the eleven foot wide alley along which the inhabitants of the quarters passed daily
What Blocked the eleven foot wide alley along which the inhabitants of the quarters passed daily?
24th September 1928: Jews bring a wall to divide males and females
What did the Arabs say to the British?
Request that the screen be removed to preserve the status quo
What happened after the Arabs Requested that the screen be removed to preserve the status quo
Remained their into the next day (25th September 1928)
After the wall remaining there into the next day, the further Arab complaints led to?
Police removed the screen, which had been done forcibly because some resistance by the worshipers
Why was there difficulty when removing the wall?
Resistance from worshippers
Which Jewish leaders had protested to the British government in London and the League of Nations?
Leading Zionists officials
Chief Rabbi
What did the Leading Zionists officials and Chief Rabbi do after the wall was taken down by police?
Protested to the British government in London and the League of Nations
What rumours were spread?
Claims of police brutality
What did one Jewish newspaper compare the Muslims with
Russians who participated in the Pogroms even though Muslims didn’t take part in the events at the wall
Who compared the Muslims to the Russians who participated in the Pogroms?
One Jewish newspaper
Who was Hajj Amin al-Hussayni?
Head of Supreme Muslim council
What was the initial defence Hajj Amin al-Husayni when he reacted to Jewish demands to own the wall?
Public calls to the Muslim community
Committee of defence was formed
What sparked Muslim concern
Jewish propaganda as it seem to validate Hajj Amin al-Husayni claims
What was the impact of Jewish propaganda?
Caused concern amongst the Muslims as it validated Hajj Amin al-Husayni
What did Weizmann say was the only solution to to gain access to the wall, in a open letter to Yishuv, in November 1928?
The only way to gain access was to “pour Jews into Palestine”
In November 1928, who said the only solution to gaining access to the wall was to “Pour Jews into Palestine”, in an open letter to Yishuv?
Weizmann
In November 1928, who did Weizmann send a letter to saying that the only way to gain access to the wall was to “pour Jews into Palestine”?
Open letter to Yishuv
When did Weizmann send an open letter to Yishuv saying that the only way to gain access to the wall was to “Pour Jews into Palestine”?
November 1928
On November 1928, in an open letter between Weizmann and Yishuv, what was the impact of “pour more Jews into Palestine”?
Ability to gain control of the wall and their ancient home-land. This would solve wall issue because Jewish sovereignty would be established
What was the impact of Jewish sovereignty?
Proof of the Muslim initial suspicion
What happened in July 1929?
Mufti resumed building activities around the wall
When did the Mufti resume building activities around the wall?
July 1929
In July 1929, who resumed building around the wall?
Mufti
Why did the Mufti resume building around the wall in July 1929?
Hope to pressure the British government to issue a statement supporting Muslim ownership of property
How did the Muslims pressure the British government to issue a statement supporting Muslim ownership of property
Mufti resume building around the wall in July 1929
How did the Zionists react to the Mufti resuming the building around the wall in July 1929?
Raised the alarm of Zionists (especially Jabotinsky’s Revisionist Party who formed a committee to defend the wall like the Muslims)
What did Jabotinsky’s Revisionist Party do after Mufti had built around the wall in July 1929?
Formed a committee to defend the wall
After the events of July 1929, what did one rightist paper say?
Called for the rebuilding the temple
What did Rabi Kook,Spiritual leader of the Jewish community, say?
Praised young Jews “willing to sacrifice their lives in the cause of their Holy place”
Who Praised young Jews “willing to sacrifice their lives in the cause of their Holy place”
Rabi Kook,Spiritual leader of the Jewish community
What happened on the 15th of August 1929?
Members of Betar, the Revisionist Party’s youth organisation, marched to the wall. They raised the Zionist flag and sang the anthem.
When did Members of Betar, the Revisionist Party’s youth organisation, march to the wall and raise the Zionist flag and sang the anthem?
15th of August 1929
On the 15th of August 1929, what party marched to the wall and raised the Zionist flag and sang the Zionist anthem?
Betar, the Revisionist Party’s
On the 15th of August, what did the Betar, the Revisionist Party’s do?
Marched to the wall and raised the Zionist flag and sang the Zionist anthem
What happened on Friday August 16th 1929?
Muslim Sabbath saw thousands of Arabs march to the wall and burn the slips of paper inscribed with prayers inserted by Jews
When did the Muslim Sabbath see thousands of Arabs march to the wall and burn the slips of paper inscribed with prayers inserted by Jews?
Friday 16th August 1929
On the 16th of August 1929, who marched to the wall and burnt the slips of paper inscribed with prayers inserted by Jews?
Muslim Sabbath saw thousands of Arabs
On the 16th of August 1929, what did the Muslim Sabbath saw thousands of Arabs do?
Marched to the wall and burnt the slips of paper inscribed with prayers inserted by Jews
After the events of 15th of August 1929, what did Muslim sermons do?
Called Muslims to defend the wall
What happened on Friday the 23rd of August 1929?
Rumours spread that Jews were planning an attack on the al-Aqsa mosque. Militants poured in to protect the Haram al-Sharif, inspired by radical speakers. When mufti tried to clam down the mob, some accused him of betraying Islam. Arabs then attacked Jewish quarters, initially in Jerusalem then to other towns.
What rumours were spread on Friday the 23rd of August 1929?
Jews were planning an attack on the al-Aqsa mosque.
What was the impact of rumours that Jews were planning an attack on the al-Aqsa mosque?
Militants poured in to protect the Haram al-Sharif, inspired by radical speakers on August 23rd 1929
Why did Militants poured in to protect the Haram al-Sharif, inspired by radical speakers on Friday the 23rd of August 1929?
Rumours that Jews were planning an attack on the al-Aqsa mosque
Who was attacked on the 23rd of August 1929?
Arabs initially attacked Jerusalem Jewish quarters then spread to other towns
Who was most severely attacked on the 23rd of August 1929?
Orthodox Jews as they were unarmed.
64 killed in Hebron
Others in Safad
How many people died in Hebron as a result of the Arab attack on the 23rd of August 1929?
64
What happened to Orthodox Jews as a result of the Arab attack on the 23rd of August 1929?
Suffered the most as they were unarmed
How did Zionists respond to the Arab attacks on the 23rd of August 1929?
Retaliated by invading a mosque in Jaffa to kill a religious leader and six others
In the Zionist response to the 23rd of August attacks, how many people were killed as a result of their response?
One Muslim religious leader and six others in Jaffa
Why did the Zionists invade a mosque in Jaffa and kill a religious leader and six others?
In response to the 23rd of August 1929 Arab attacks
How long did the rampage after the August 23rd attack last?
Nearly a week killing 133 Jews and 116 Arabs
What lasted nearly a week and killed 133 Jews and 116 Arabs?
Rampage following the August 23rd attack
In the Rampage following the August 23rd attack, what were most Arab casualties caused by?
British reinforcements who were called to bolster undermanned British force
In the Rampage following the August 23rd attack, what was the impact of British reinforcements?
Caused most of the Arab casualties
Following the Rampage due to the August 23rd attack, what happened to Hebron?
Evacuated even though many of its inhabitants were saved by their Arab neighbours and the one policeman there
Following the Rampage due to the August 23rd attack, what area was evacuated?
Hebron
What was the ultimate result of the outbreak?
Established Hajj Amin al-Husayni as the leader of the Palestinian Arabs while reducing Arab influence of British policy
