4 Flashcards
inferior border of thorax
diaphragm
what nerves innervate intercostal muscles
anterior rami of thoracic spinal nerves (t2-12)
EIM are also innervated by phrenic nerve
anterior intercostal vein drains into what two veins
internal thoracic vein and therefore back to brachiocephalic vein
posterior intercostal veins drains into
azygous vein on the right side and goes above right hilum of the lung and then to superior vena cava bc inferior VC doesn’t go down to thorax
what is the posterior intercostal artery a branch of
thoracic aorta
what is the anterior intercostal artery a branch of
internal thoracic artery which is a branch of the subclavian artery
what nerve innervates the diaphragm
phrenic which originates at C3,4,5
at what level do the following cross the diaphragm:
oesophagus
inferior vena cava
aorta (aortic hiatus)
T10
T8
T12
what accessory muscles are involved in inspiration
pectoralis major, pectorals minor, serrates anterior, sternocleidomastoid, scalene muscles
what accessory muscles are involved in expiration
rectus abdominis, obliques
what ribs does serrates anterior attach to
ribs 3 4 5
where does sternocleidomastoid come from and attach to
mastoid process in the ear to sternum and clavicle
where does pectorals major attach to and from
scapula to ribs for elevation
where does serrates anterior attache to and from
ribs 3 4 5 from scapula
where does pectorals major attach to and from
attaches clavicle to sternum and ribs
inferior boundary of pleura?
superior surface of diaphragm
function of pleural fluid in pleural cavity
maintain surface tension
visceral pleura nerve supply
from lung tissue, autonomic, parasympathetic and sympathetic
parietal pleura nerve supply
from thoracic cavity (intercostal nerves, t2-12)
mediastinal surface of pleura nervous supply
phrenic nerve
where will a tumour hurt in visceral or parietal layer and why
parietal bc it has somatic innvercation while visceral has autonomic innervation.
intercostal space 2 is between which two ribs
2 and 3
name the vertebrae and the numbers in each
c7 t 12 l5 s5(fused) c4 (fused) total of 33 vertebrae
what is the chest wall made up of
12 thoracic vertebrae
12 Paris of ribs
sternum
what is a unique feature of thoracic vertebrae
costal facet in vertebrae body and fibrous process where ribs attach
what’s the costal margin
where false ribs join w costal cartilage of true ribs
what part of the rib is a fracture most likely to occur
angle
which rib attaches to the manubriosternal junction
rib 2
the top of the manubrium corresponds to which vertebrae level
t3
the manubriosternal corresponds to which vertebrae level
t4/5
the top of the xyphoid process corresponds to which vertebrae level
t8/9
what are the main muscles involved w breathing
external intercostal muscle
internal intercostal muscle
innermost intercostal muscle
diaphragm
how do the following vary
external intercostal muscle
internal intercostal muscle
innermost intercostal muscle
in orientation of muscle fibres and position
key feature of innermost intercostal muscle
deficient posteriorly
key feature of external intercostal muscle
ends at midclavicular line
where is the lung apex found
2 cm above clavicle
what is the cardiac notch and where is it
deflection of the left lung and its at rib 4
what are the inferior borders of the lungs in terms of
midclavicular
mid axial
posterios
midclavicular 6 rib
mid axial rib 8
posterios irb 10
what are the inferior borders of the pleura in terms of
midclavicular
mid axial
posterios
midclavicular 8th rib
mid axial 10
posterios12
what is the area under the lung within the pleura where fluid tends to accumulate
costrophrenic recess
how many lobes in right and left lung
right 3 left 2
where is a foreign object most likely to lodge and why, let tor right bronchus
right bc its oriented vertically alors que lautre horzitonatlly
what is the name of the area where the trachea bifurcates and where does it bifurcate
carina at sternal angle
which of these have cartialge
trachea
bronchioles
bronchus
trachea and bronchus
what are the anterior and posterior parts of trachea made of
anterior c shaped rings
posterior smooth muscle
arteries veins and bronchi follow a similar name pattern. what is it
main, lobar, superior lobar, middle lobar, inferior lobar, segmental, conducting, terminal, respiratory, alveolar ducts and alveolar sacs
what’s the helium of the lung and what is it made of
areas where structures enter and leave
main bronchus
pulmonary artery which are ABOVE
pulmonary veins
what’s a bronchopulmonary segment
segments with their own arteries bronchus and veins
pyramid shaped
can be surgically removed
surrounded baby connective tissue
segmented veins lie in CT between segments.
