4

Question 1

inferior border of thorax

Answer 1

diaphragm

Question 2

what nerves innervate intercostal muscles

Answer 2

anterior rami of thoracic spinal nerves (t2-12)

EIM are also innervated by phrenic nerve

Question 3

anterior intercostal vein drains into what two veins

Answer 3

internal thoracic vein and therefore back to brachiocephalic vein

Question 4

posterior intercostal veins drains into

Answer 4

azygous vein on the right side and goes above right hilum of the lung and then to superior vena cava bc inferior VC doesn’t go down to thorax

Question 5

what is the posterior intercostal artery a branch of

Answer 5

thoracic aorta

Question 6

what is the anterior intercostal artery a branch of

Answer 6

internal thoracic artery which is a branch of the subclavian artery

Question 7

what nerve innervates the diaphragm

Answer 7

phrenic which originates at C3,4,5

Question 8

at what level do the following cross the diaphragm:
oesophagus
inferior vena cava
aorta (aortic hiatus)

Answer 8

T10
T8
T12

Question 9

what accessory muscles are involved in inspiration

Answer 9

pectoralis major, pectorals minor, serrates anterior, sternocleidomastoid, scalene muscles

Question 10

what accessory muscles are involved in expiration

Answer 10

rectus abdominis, obliques

Question 11

what ribs does serrates anterior attach to

Answer 11

ribs 3 4 5

Question 12

where does sternocleidomastoid come from and attach to

Answer 12

mastoid process in the ear to sternum and clavicle

Question 13

where does pectorals major attach to and from

Answer 13

scapula to ribs for elevation

Question 14

where does serrates anterior attache to and from

Answer 14

ribs 3 4 5 from scapula

Question 15

where does pectorals major attach to and from

Answer 15

attaches clavicle to sternum and ribs

Question 16

inferior boundary of pleura?

Answer 16

superior surface of diaphragm

Question 17

function of pleural fluid in pleural cavity

Answer 17

maintain surface tension

Question 18

visceral pleura nerve supply

Answer 18

from lung tissue, autonomic, parasympathetic and sympathetic

Question 19

parietal pleura nerve supply

Answer 19

from thoracic cavity (intercostal nerves, t2-12)

Question 20

mediastinal surface of pleura nervous supply

Answer 20

phrenic nerve

Question 21

where will a tumour hurt in visceral or parietal layer and why

Answer 21

parietal bc it has somatic innvercation while visceral has autonomic innervation.

Question 22

intercostal space 2 is between which two ribs

Answer 22

2 and 3

Question 23

name the vertebrae and the numbers in each

Answer 23

c7 t 12 l5 s5(fused) c4 (fused) total of 33 vertebrae

Question 24

what is the chest wall made up of

Answer 24

12 thoracic vertebrae
12 Paris of ribs
sternum

Question 25

what is a unique feature of thoracic vertebrae

Answer 25

costal facet in vertebrae body and fibrous process where ribs attach

Question 26

what’s the costal margin

Answer 26

where false ribs join w costal cartilage of true ribs

Question 27

what part of the rib is a fracture most likely to occur

Answer 27

angle

Question 28

which rib attaches to the manubriosternal junction

Answer 28

rib 2

Question 29

the top of the manubrium corresponds to which vertebrae level

Answer 29

t3

Question 30

the manubriosternal corresponds to which vertebrae level

Answer 30

t4/5

Question 31

the top of the xyphoid process corresponds to which vertebrae level

Answer 31

t8/9

Question 32

what are the main muscles involved w breathing

Answer 32

external intercostal muscle
internal intercostal muscle
innermost intercostal muscle
diaphragm

Question 33

how do the following vary
external intercostal muscle
internal intercostal muscle
innermost intercostal muscle

Answer 33

in orientation of muscle fibres and position

Question 34

key feature of innermost intercostal muscle

Answer 34

deficient posteriorly

Question 35

key feature of external intercostal muscle

Answer 35

ends at midclavicular line

Question 36

where is the lung apex found

Answer 36

2 cm above clavicle

Question 37

what is the cardiac notch and where is it

Answer 37

deflection of the left lung and its at rib 4

Question 38

what are the inferior borders of the lungs in terms of
midclavicular
mid axial
posterios

Answer 38

midclavicular 6 rib
mid axial rib 8
posterios irb 10

Question 39

what are the inferior borders of the pleura in terms of
midclavicular
mid axial
posterios

Answer 39

midclavicular 8th rib
mid axial 10
posterios12

Question 40

what is the area under the lung within the pleura where fluid tends to accumulate

Answer 40

costrophrenic recess

Question 41

how many lobes in right and left lung

Answer 41

right 3 left 2

Question 42

where is a foreign object most likely to lodge and why, let tor right bronchus

Answer 42

right bc its oriented vertically alors que lautre horzitonatlly

Question 43

what is the name of the area where the trachea bifurcates and where does it bifurcate

Answer 43

carina at sternal angle

Question 44

which of these have cartialge
trachea
bronchioles
bronchus

Answer 44

trachea and bronchus

Question 45

what are the anterior and posterior parts of trachea made of

Answer 45

anterior c shaped rings

posterior smooth muscle

Question 46

arteries veins and bronchi follow a similar name pattern. what is it

Answer 46

main, lobar, superior lobar, middle lobar, inferior lobar, segmental, conducting, terminal, respiratory, alveolar ducts and alveolar sacs

Question 47

what’s the helium of the lung and what is it made of

Answer 47

areas where structures enter and leave
main bronchus
pulmonary artery which are ABOVE
pulmonary veins

Question 48

what’s a bronchopulmonary segment

Answer 48

segments with their own arteries bronchus and veins
pyramid shaped
can be surgically removed
surrounded baby connective tissue
segmented veins lie in CT between segments.